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LITTLE  BOOKS  ON  ART 

GENERAL  EDITOR:  CYRIL  DAVENPORT 


BOOKPLATES 


LITTLE  BOOKS  ON  ART 

K\A MKLS.  By  Mrs.  Nelson  Dawson 
With  3.1  illustrations. 

MINIATURES.  AHCIKHT  and  Modkrk. 
By  Cyril  Davenport.  With  46  illus- 
trations. 

JEWELLERY.  By  Cyril  Davenport 
With  42  illustrations. 

BOOKPLATES.  By  Edward  Almack, 
h.S.  A.    With  a  illustrations. 

Frontispieces  in  color.  Each  with  a 
Bibliography  and  Index.  Small 
square  l6mo,  $1.00  net. 

A.  C.  McCixrg  &  Co.,  Publishers. 


7 Z? 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER   I 

INTRODUCTORY 
General  remarks— Various  modes  of  engraving— Styles  in  book- 
plates .....  page       i 

CHAPTER   II 

BOOKPLATES   CHRONOLOGICALLY 
Very  early  plates— Albrecht  Diirer— Other  German  artists— Early 

English  .  .  .  •  ...     ii 

CHAPTER   III 

BOOKPLATES   CHRONOLOGICALLY 
Lucas  Cranach— Charles  V.— Hans  Holbein— Early  French  and 
English  bookplates— Sir  Nicholas  Bacon— Queen  Elizabeth- 
Bookplates  that  are  not  armorial— Bookplates  in  Switzerland, 
Sweden,  and  Italy        .  .  .  ...     20 

CHAPTER   IV 

BOOKPLATES   CHRONOLOGICALLY 
The  seventeenth  century  begins— German   plates— William  Mar- 
shall—Lord Littleton— Huet,  Bishop  of  Avranches  .         .     30 

CHAPTER   V 

BOOKPLATES    CHRONOLOGICALLY 
Some   French  and   some  German   plates— The   cap  of   liberty- 
Buonaparte — Alsace  and  Lorraine  .  .  .        .     38 

CHAPTER   VI 

BOOKPLATES   WITH    MANTLING 
Viscount  Cholmondeley— James  Loch  of  Drylaw— William  Pitt  of 

Binfield  .  .  .  .  ...     44 

465955 

LIBRARY 


vi  CONTENTS 

CI  I A  ITER    VII 

SOME   SPECIMENS    INSERTED    IN    A    BOOK    KEPT    IN     I  111. 
BRITISH    MUSEUM    FOR   Til  \  I    PURP(  I  il 

Some  bookplates  kindly  lent  by  .Mr.  ('•.  K.  Burwick — Wrest  Park 

pl.ite:-— Sir  John  Lubbock  .  .  .  P*gt     53 

CHAPTER    VIII 
CHIPPENDALE   AND   CRBSTPLATES 
William    Sharp  the  engraver— The   Rev.   John   Watson— Edward 
Trotter— Patrick  Colquhoun      .  .  ...     62 

CHAPTER    IX 

MODERN    BOOKPLATES 
Remarks  on  examples  given  in   The  Studio,  special  winter  num- 
ber, 1898-9    .  .  .  .  ...     69 

CHAPTER   X 

VARIOUS   BRITISH    BOOKPLATES 
The  proper  place  for  a  bookplate  is  in  a  book — Gordon  of  Buthlaw 
— Spencer  Perceval— William  Wilberforce — A  bookplate  for  a 
special  purpose — George  Ormerod — Robert  Surtees — Cathedral 
plates  .  .  .  .  ...     76 

CHAPTER   XI 

BOOKPLATES    IN    AMERICA         .  .  ...    121 

CHAPTER   XII 

INSCRIPTIONS    IN   BOOKS 
John  Collet  of  Little  Gidding— A  book  that  was  in  the  Battle  of 
Corunna — Henry   Howard — Sir   Percivall   Hart — John  Crane 
and  the  Battle  of  Naseby  .  .  .  .         .   155 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


.   172 


INDEX  .  .  .  .  ...   175 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS 


SAINT    BENEDICT 

NOVACELLA 
MARIDAT,     P. 
MALDEN,    PAUL   DE . 
MERCATOR,    NICHOLAS 
PEPPER,    PRESCOTT   . 
VAUGHAN,    FRA. 
THROCKMORTON,  SIR   ROBERT 
MORS,    SOLA   RESOLVIT 
BECKWITH,    THOMAS 
BUNSEN,    C.    C. 
EARL   DE   GREY 
LUBBOCK,   SIR   J.    VV. 
CARRUTHERS,   WILLIAM 
SHARP,    WILLIAM 
WATSON,    THE    REV.   JOHN 
TROTTER,    EDWARD 
GORDON   OF   BUTHLAW 
PERCEVAL,    THE    HONBLE.    SP 
EARL   OF   GUILDFORD 
WILBERFORCE,    WILLIAM 
CONSTABLE,   THE   REV.   JOHN 


Frontispiece 

PAGE 

16 

38 
40 

44 
46 
48 
50 
Si 
52 
56 
57 
58 
60 
62 

63 
64 
76 
77 
7* 
80 
86 


VIM 


LIST   <>i-    ILLUSTRATIONS 


RATEMAN,    WILLIAM 
DUKE   OK   BEAUFORT 
CON DU ITT,  JOHN       . 
WIU.AII.KY,    HENRY    B. 
RAINE,   JAMES 
FIOTT,  JOHN- 
DUKE   OF   SUSSEX 

CAMPBELL,   THE  HONBLE.  ARCHIBALD 
CAMPBELL   OF   SHAWFIELD 
GURNEY,    HUDSON     . 
CHICHESTER   CATHEDRAL 
NEWCOME,    THE    REV.    T. 
WOOD,    THE   REV.    MAN'LEY       . 
PRINCESS   SOPHIA       . 
BANDINEL,    BULKELEY 
BLISS,    PHILIP 

DENHOLM,    SIR  JAMES   STEWART 
OUSELEY,    SIR   GORE 
HEATHCOTE,    GEORGE   PARKER 
JARVIS,    SAMUEL   FARMAR 


90 

91 

92 

93 
96 
98 
100 
102 
104 
105 
106 
107 
109 
109 
no 
112 
116 
118 
146 


BOOKPLATES 

CHAPTER    I 

INTRODUCTORY 

General  remarks — Various  modes  of  engraving — 
Styles  in  bookplates. 

OF  course  some  people  have  exaggerated 
the  importance  of  bookplates,  and  on  the 
other  hand  some  have  affected  to  ignore  them. 
Now  the  simple  fact  is  that  bookplates  belong 
to  books,  and  anything  that  has  to  do  with 
books  will  assuredly  charm  cultivated  minds 
until  time  shall  be  no  more.  If  this  essential 
point  were  oftener  remembered,  the  exaggera- 
tions of  both  sides  would  be  avoided. 

In  Germany,  a  country  where  bookplates  very 
early  found  a  home,  the  word  bibliothekzeichen, 
or  library  label,  is  used.  Germans  also  use  the 
name  ex  libris,  and  in  France  the  Latin  expres- 
sion ex  libris  is  the  only  term  in  use.  Naturally 
the  owner's  name  in  the  genitive  case  is  always 

B 


2  BOOKPLATES 

understood.  In  Franoe  manuscript  inscriptions 
of  ownership  arc  very  fittingly  included  as  ex 
libris. 

It  is  too  late  to  change  now;  but,  at  all 
events,  whether  included  or  not  under  any 
special  word,  manuscript  inscriptions  in  books 
by  their  owners  will  always  be  a  very  interest- 
ing study. 

What,  as  explained  above,  are  in  France 
included  under  ex  libris,  were  known  long 
before  the  days  of  printing,  as  personal  inscrip- 
tions with  or  without  the  delineation  of  armorial 
bearings  are  often  to  be  found  forming  part  of 
the  text  of  books  in  manuscript.  In  fact  the 
various  relationships  of  wealthy  patron,  learned 
scribe,  and  skilled  illuminator,  gave  much  scope 
for  these. 

To  come  to  what  may  be  said  to  be  known 
everywhere  as  ex  libris,  is  to  treat  of  those 
wonderful  days  when  the  earliest  printed  books 
were  still  a  novelty.  Directly  several  people 
or  institutions  each  had  copies  of  a  certain 
printed  book,  each  copy  being  a  duplicate  of 
the  other,  a  wish  arose  to  distinguish  owner- 
ship. 

Before  treating  further  of  bookplates,  it  will 
be  well  to  clearly  point  out  the  different  kinds 
of  blocks  or  plates.     The  woodcut  block,  known 


INTRODUCTORY  3 

in  some  manner  to  the  Chinese  400  years  before, 
was  first  cut  in  Europe  early  in  the  fifteenth 
century.  The  St.  Christopher  engraved  in 
Germany  in  1423,  is  probably  the  earliest. 
The  piece  of  wood  to  be  engraved  was  cut 
longwise  with  the  grain,  as  a  plank  is  cut  to- 
day. A  thin  piece  of  some  soft  wood,  such  as 
pear,  apple,  or  lime,  was  chosen,  the  design 
drawn  upon  it,  and  then  with  a  knife  the  en- 
graver cut  away  to  a  certain  depth  everything 
except  the  drawn  design. 

In  modern  times — about  1785 — a  revolution 
took  place  in  wood  engraving,  when  Bewick 
began  to  engrave  on  a  piece  of  wood  cut  end- 
wise, and  with  a  graver  instead  of  a  knife. 
Bewick  chose  some  very  hard  wood,  usually 
box.  This  manner  has  been  continued  to  this 
day  ;  and  sometimes  to  distinguish  the  old  art 
from  the  new,  as  the  one  is  so  different  from 
the  other,  the  former  is  called  a  woodcut  and 
the  latter  wood-engraving. 

Next  as  to  etchings.  To  produce  an  etching 
a  copper  plate  is  covered  with  wax,  then  with 
an  etching-needle  the  design  is  drawn  through 
the  wax  to  the  copper.  Acid  is  then  applied, 
which,  of  course,  only  eats  out  the  copper 
where  the  design  has  been  etched. 

Now  as  to  copper-plate  line  engravings.    The 


4  BOOKPLATES 

engraver  first  traces  on  the  plate  the  outline 
of  his  design,  and  then  with  tin:  triangular- 
pointed  graver  he  furrows  out  tin-  lines,  inclining 

his  graver  deeper  or  shallower  according  as  he 
wishes  to  produce  varying  effects.  Copper-plate 
engraving  has  been  practised  ever  since  early  in 
the  fifteenth  century.  About  1820  engraving  on 
steel  came  into  vogue.  More  impressions  can 
be  taken  from  a  steel  than  from  a  copper  plate; 
but  steel  is  more  difficult  to  engrave  upon.  By 
a  new  process,  however,  a  copper  plate  can  now 
be  strengthened  with  a  steel  film. 

Mezzotint  engraving  is  an  art  by  itself,  and 
of  great  interest  to  English  readers,  because 
of  the  many  charming  mezzotint  engravings 
after  England's  great  portrait  -  painter,  Sir 
Joshua  Reynolds  ;  and  also  by  reason  of 
Prince  Rupert,  the  brave  cavalier's,  close  con- 
nection with  the  art.  He  has  often  been  said 
to  have  invented  mezzotint  ;  but  the  first  credit 
for  this  is  now  given  to  another  gallant  soldier, 
Ludwig  von  Siegen,  who  engraved  a  plate  in 
1642,  and  kept  his  discovery  a  profound  secret 
until,  in  1654,  he  found  himself  in  Brussels 
with  Prince  Rupert.  The  two  kindred  spirits 
meeting,  the  secret  was  soon  unfolded.  Rupert 
became  as  eager  in  another  field  as  if  he  were 
leading  a  cavalry  charge,   and   in  four  years' 


INTRODUCTORY  5 

time  appeared  his  splendid  mezzotint  engraving-, 
The  Executioner  of  John  the  Baptist.  As  the 
object  of  this  book  is  not  to  give  a  serious 
treatise  on  elaborate  methods  of  engraving,  it 
will  best  express  mezzotint  to  state  that  it  is  in 
general  terms  produced  by  the  opposite  process 
from  a  line  engraving.  A  very  smooth  copper- 
plate surface  is,  as  it  were,  engraved  all  over. 
Then  the  design  is  wrought  on  this  by  a 
scraping  process. 

A  kind  of  stipple  or  dotted  engraving  was 
known  early  in  the  sixteenth  century ;  but 
what  is  really  famous  as  stipple  and  dotted 
engraving,  only  came  into  vogue  in  the 
eighteenth  century.  The  copper  plate  was 
first  covered  with  wax,  and  a  dotted  outline 
of  the  subject  pricked  through  the  wax  with 
an  etching  -  needle.  Then  the  shadows  were 
filled  in,  and  finally  acid  used,  as  with  an 
etching.  Francesco  Bartolozzi's  is  probably 
the  name  best  known  in  this  connection,  though 
in  masterly  ability,  William  Ryland,  who  was 
hanged  for  forgery,  far  surpassed  him. 

In  aquatint  engraving,  the  plate  to  be  en- 
graved is  covered  with  a  solution  made  of 
resin  and  spirits  of  wine;  this  process  produces 
a  surface  more  or  less  open  to  the  action  of 
acids  when  applied.      In  the  hands  of  a  skilful 


6  BOOKPLATES 

manipulator,  a  fine  engraving  results  from  this 

"  more  or  less  "  condition. 

Here,  in  beginning  to  record  the  succeeding 
styles  of  ex  libris,  let  us  refer  to  the  varieties 
which  have  prevailed  at  different  times  amongst 
Deutschland  bookplates.  In  the  first  place 
careful  note  must  be  made  regarding"  six 
coloured  drawings  of  the  fourteenth  century 
which  Herr  Warnecke  includes  as  bookplates, 
in  his  splendid  work — Die  Deutschen  Biiche- 
eetchen.  Now  if  once  it  be  admitted  that 
something  inscribed  in  a  book  as  in  fact  a 
necessary  integral  part  of  that  book,  is  a 
bookplate,  then  it  becomes  impracticable  to 
draw  a  distinguishing  line. 

Next,  if  like  the  old  preachers,  we  divided 
the  description  into  three  headings,  firstly, 
secondly,  and  thirdly-,  we  should  on  this  subject 
record  :  firstly,  German  ex  libris  are  armorial  ; 
secondly,  they  are  armorial  ;  thirdly,  they  are 
armorial.  Especially  in  the  earlier  plates,  the 
crest  is  always  in  its  proper  place  over  a  helmet, 
and  the  helmet  over  the  shield  of  arms.  It 
would  be  well  if  with  just  an  artistic  frame 
to  enclose  the  whole  the  bookplate  stopped 
there  ;  but  alas,  there  is  only  too  often  besides 
a  multitude  of  fantastic  accessories,  which  give 
a  confusing  instead  of  a  pleasing  impression. 


INTRODUCTORY  7 

Coming  down  towards  the  seventeenth  century, 
you  are  sometimes  favoured  (?)  with  a  fantastic 
maze  of  the  quarterings  and  emblems  of  the 
owner's  relatives  to  the  fortieth  generation. 

Predominant  in  the  seventeenth  century  is 
what  is  known  as  the  Baroque  style,  with 
designs  of  endless  curves  and  contortions, 
drawn  in  a  very  heavy  manner. 

Some  of  the  plates  which  are  most  pleasing, 
are  those  where  the  arms  are  surrounded  by 
light  wreaths  of  leaves  and  flowers. 

Reaching  the  eighteenth  century,  the  Rococo 
or  Shell  style,  begun  in  France,  becomes  common 
in  German  bookplates.  Late  in  the  century 
there  are,  too,  some  curious  and  pleasing  alle- 
gorical plates. 

Of  early  nineteenth-century  German  ex  librz's, 
perhaps  the  less  said  the  better  ;  but  a  few  are 
good  and  all  help  in  making  history,  so  that 
it  is  interesting  to  know  that  the  famous  author 
and  collector,  Karl  Emich  Count  zu  Leiningen- 
Westerburg,  had  between  seven  hundred  and 
eight  hundred  specimens. 

Since  then,  with  the  union  of  Germany,  has 
come,  as  all  the  world  knows,  an  artistic  and 
literary  development  in  ex  libris,  as  well  as  in 
other  branches  of  art.  All  this,  and  a  million 
other   points    about    German    bookplates,    are 


8  BOOKPLATES 

admirably  told  in  the  late  Karl  Emicfa  Count 
zu  Leining,en-Westerburg''s  book,  translated 
into  English  for  the  ex  libris  series. 

In  the  styles  of  French  bookplates,  the  more 
or  less  simple  armorial  is  most  often  met  in  the 
earlier  examples,  although  one  of  the  best 
known— that  of  Charles  Ailkboust,  Bishop  of 
Autun,  had  nothing-  armorial  about  it. 

Heraldry,  of  course,  took  an  early  and  master- 
ful hold  of  the  French  aristocracy,  although 
even  in  France,  in  quite  early  years,  it  was 
found  necessary  to  fix  fearful  fines  and  penalties 
for  people  assuming  insignia  to  which  they  had 
no  lawful  claim. 

Up  to  about  1650,  the  almost  rectangular 
shield  prevailed  in  French  bookplates  ;  but 
soon  after  this,  oval  shields  predominate,  and 
not  seldom  capped  by  coronets  to  which  the 
owners  had  no  title.  There  is  often  at  the 
base  of  the  shield  a  solid  plinth,  usually  bearing 
the  chief  inscription. 

Then  in  the  latter  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century  comes  the  Rococo  or  Shell  style  of 
bookplate.  At  the  same  time,  too,  there  are  of 
course  Field-Marshals'  ex  /ibris,  defended  by 
guns,  and  Lord  High  Admirals'  bookplates 
reclining  amongst  anchors. 

In  1790  the  French  Assembly  passed  a  decree 


INTRODUCTORY  9 

annulling-  the  titles  of  duke,  count,  marquis, 
viscount,  baron,  and  chevalier  ;  also  doing' 
away  with  all  armorial  bearings. 

In  regard  to  the  styles  of  English  bookplates 
we  cannot  do  better  than,  for  the  most  part, 
to  refer  to  the  learning  of  Mr.  W.  J.  Hardy — 
a  man  steeped  to  the  finger-tips  in  ancient 
lore. 

Up  to  about  1720,  "  Simple  Armorial  "  is  the 
best  brief  record.  The  shield  is  surmounted 
by  a  helmet,  on  which  are  the  wreath  and 
crest.  From  the  helmet  is  outspread  mantling, 
more  or  less  voluminous.  In  earlier  examples 
this  terminates  generally  in  tassels,  before 
reaching  the  base  of  the  shield.  In  later 
examples  its  heavy  folds  descend  quite  to  the 
base,  and  often  ascend  from  the  helmet  to  the 
level  of  the  top  of  the  crest.  Below  is  a  scroll 
for  the  motto,  and  below  that,  the  owner's 
name.  Next  we  come  to  what  is  known  as 
the  Jacobean  style,  but  to  which  the  much 
more  fitting  name  of  "Queen  Anne  and  early 
Georgian"  should  be  given.  The  style  includes 
mainly  an  ornamental  frame,  suggestive  of 
carved  work,  resting  as  often  as  not  upon  some 
kind  of  conventional  support  ;  the  ornamenta- 
tion of  both  frame  and  support  being  of  the 
interior   architectural   order,   making   frequent 


io  BOOKPLATES 

uvc  of  fish  scales  and  trellis  or  diaper  patterns 
for  the  decoration  of  plain  surface. 

Next  we  find  the  Rococo  style  introduced 
from  across  the  Channel,  and  this  before  long 
time,  merging  into  the  well-known  Chippendale 
style,  so  closely  associated  with  English  book- 
plates. After  this,  in  English  bookplates  comes 
the  festoon,  or  wreath -and -ribbon  style,  in 
which  certainly  many  charming  ex  libris  were 
engraved.  As  Mr.  Egerton  Castle  points  out, 
one  of  the  surest  ways  of  knowing  this  later 
Georgian  style  is  by  the  spade  shape  of  the 
shields,  and  altogether  a  manner  which  calls 
up  memories  of  designers  and  architects  such 
as  Sir  W.  Chambers,  Adams,  Wedgwood,  or 
Sheraton. 


CHAPTER    II 

BOOKPLATES    CHRONOLOGICALLY 

Very  early  plates — Albert  Diirer — Other  German  artists 
— Early  English. 

THE  bookplate  here  given  as  a  frontispiece, 
may  be  the  oldest  in  the  world.  At  all 
events,  it  remains  to  this  day  a  fifteenth-century 
bookplate  in  a  fifteenth -century  book.  The 
work  is  a  Latin  treatise  on  logic,  in  a  German 
hand.  Mr.  W.  H.  J.  Weale  has  very  kindly 
looked  at  the  book,  and  writes  :  "  The  binding 
is  German,  I  think  Bavarian ;  but  although  the 
same  stamps,  or  rather,  to  be  accurate,  some 
of  them,  occur  on  several  bookbindings  I  have 
copied,  I  have  never  been  able  to  locate  them. 
The  S.  Benedict  with  the  book,  and  glass  with 
the  serpent  issuing  from  it,  is  evidently  German  ; 
the  arms  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  Saint,  or 
the  order,  nor  are  they  the  arms  of  an  abbey, 
but  no  doubt  those  of  a  layman  to  whom  the 
book  belonged."* 

Now  to  come  to  the  real  or  almost  personal 

*  Where  not  otherwise  specified,  the  book  or  book- 
plate is  in  my  own  library. — E.  A. 
II 


i2  BOOKPLATES 

story  of  engraved  bookplates  or  ex  libris,  as 
ut  may  call  them  indifferently.  First  we  will 
talk  of  the  oldest,  and  then  gradually  come 
down  to  our  own  time.  Germany  was  the 
fatherland  of  bookplates,  and  it  is  of  greal 
interest  to  remember  that  it  was,  too,  the 
fatherland  of  printing"  and  of  wood-engraving. 

The  earliest  known  engraved  bookplate  is 
that  of  Hildebrand  Brandenburg,  a  monk  of 
the  Carthusian  Monastery  at  Buxheim,  near 
Memmingen,  to  which  he  was  evidently  in  the 
habit  of  presenting  books.  The  woodcut  shows 
an  angel  holding  a  shield  on  which  are  dis- 
played the  arms  of  the  Brandenburg  family,  a 
black  ox  with  a  ring  passed  through  its  nose. 

The  late  Karl  Emich  Count  zu  Leiningen- 
Westerburg,  the  great  authority  on  German  ex 
libris,  suggests  that  either  Biberach  or  Ulm 
was  the  birthplace  of  this  bookplate,  and  in  or 
about  the  year  1470,  which  is  a  year  before 
Albert  Diirer  was  born. 

Another  bookplate,  also  armorial,  of  about 
the  same  date,  and  found  in  a  book  given  to 
this  same  monastery  at  Buxheim,  is  that  of 
Wilhelm  von  Zell.  Lastly,  there  has  as  yet 
been  found  one  other  which  is  grouped  with 
these  two,  as  of  about  the  same  date.  It  re- 
presents a  hedgehog  with  a  flower  in  its  mouth, 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  13 

on  grass  strewn  with  flowers.  It  was  engraved 
for  Hans  Igler.  Igel  means  a  hedgehog,  and  at 
the  head  of  the  ex  libris  is  cut  the  inscription  : 
"  Hanns  Igler  das  dich  ein  Igel  Kiis." 

After  this  there  may  be  mentioned  the  follow- 
ing six  plates  before  we  turn  over  the  leaf  of  a 
new  century.  The  inscribed  armorial  ex  libris 
of  Thomas  Wolphius,  Pontificii  Juris  Doctor, 
and  that  of  Rupprecht  Muntzinger,  a  block  of 
South  German  origin,  and  ascribed  by  some  to 
the  hand  of  M.  Wohlgemuth.  Two  anonymous 
plates,  both  armorial,  and  in  saying  anonymous 
it  must  not  be  supposed  that  the  owner  was 
not  well  known  in  his  day,  and  probably  long 
afterwards.  One  represents  the  head  of  a  bull 
caboshed,  with  a  sickle  issuing  from  it.  The 
other,  the  fleur-de-lis,  is  on  a  shield,  and  for 
crest,  the  half  figure  of  a  man  with  a  battle- 
axe.  Then  two  bookplates,  the  body  of  which 
has  been  engraved  and  space  left  for  one  or 
another  person  to  use  them. 

Passing  now  into  the  sixteenth  century,  and 
still  keeping  to  chronology  as  our  main  guide, 
we  can  turn  at  once  to  Albrecht  Diirer  as  a 
designer  of  ex  libris,  and  we  now  move  on  to 
safer  ground,  as  we  begin  to  find  dates,  and 
then  soon  names  or  monograms  of  engravers. 

Albrecht  Diirer,  the  second  son  of  Albrecht 


i4  HOOKPLATKS 

Durer,  goldsmith,  was  born  in  the  good  city  of 

Nuremberg  <>n  the  2is1  May,  1 4 7 1 . 

Like  BenvenutO  Cellini,  born  some  thirty 
years  later,  young  Albrecht  Durer's  first  ex- 
perience  of  handiwork  was  in  the  goldsmith's 
craft  ;  but  with  a  difference,  as  Benvenuto 
Cellini  learned  the  goldsmith's  art  against  his 
father's  will.  On  St.  Andrew's  Day,  i486, 
young  Albrecht  had  the  joy  of  inducing  his 
father  to  apprentice  him  for  three  years  to 
Michel  Wohlgemut.  This  step,  important  in 
the  young  artist's  life,  is  especially  important  in 
our  consideration,  as,  with  the  aid  of  Anton 
Koburger,  the  princely  printer,  who  was  Albrecht 
Diirer's  godfather,  Michel  Wohlgemut  founded 
the  great  Nuremberg  school  of  wrood-engrav- 
ing.  From  1490  to  1494  Durer  was  on  his 
travels,  and  spent  some  while  in  Venice,  where 
he  was  again  in  1505  to  1507.  On  the  14th 
July,  1494,  after  his  home-coming  from  his 
first  wanderings,  he  was  married  to  Agnes,  the 
daughter  of  Hans  Frey.  For  the  rest,  this  is 
not  the  place  for  a  history  of  his  works.  His 
noble  life  was  closed  on  the  6th  of  April,  1528, 
and  thus  before  he  had  reached  the  age  at 
which  many  artists  have  done  their  best  work  ; 
but  what  vast  treasures  he  had  wrought  within 
those  fifty-seven  years  ! 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  15 

The  following  five  ex  libris  have  been,  on 
good  authority,  distinctly  ascribed  to  Albrecht 
Di'irer's  art :  two  varieties  of  a  woodcut  made 
for  Willibald  Pirckheimer,  of  Nuremberg,  one 
with  and  one  without  the  well-known  motto 
"  Sibi  et  Amicis."  This  is  a  fine  armorial  plate 
with  helmet,  and  arms  of  himself  and  his  wife. 
One  of  three  ex  libris  used  by  Johann  Stab,  a 
learned  mathematician  and  poet,  a  friend  of 
Albrecht  Diirer.  This  is  an  armorial  plate, 
and  is  distinguished  by  having  a  laurel  wreath ; 
but  no  inscription.  In  the  Albertina  Museum 
at  Vienna  is  Di'irer's  original  drawing  in  violet 
ink  for  the  armorial  woodcut  bookplate  of 
his  friend  Lazarus  Spengler,  Recorder  of 
Nuremberg.  The  armorial  woodcut  ex  libris 
of  Johann  Tscherte,  exhibiting  a  satyr  and 
dogs.  Tschert,  in  Bohemian,  means  a  satyr  or 
devil. 

Besides  the  foregoing,  there  exist  several 
sketches  by  Diirer  which  can  hardly  have  been 
intended  for  anything  but  bookplates  ;  and  also, 
before  passing  from  Diirer,  the  large  bookplate 
for  Dr.  Hector  Pomer,  the  last  Prior  of  the 
Abbey  of  St.  Laurence  in  Nuremberg,  must  be 
mentioned.  In  itself  a  beautiful  work  of  art,  it 
bears  a  date,  1525,  and  the  wood-engraver's 
initials,  "  R.  A."    The  drawing  is  worthy  of  the 


16  BOOKPLATES 

hand  <>f  Durer  himself,  and  "  R.  A."  probably 
cut  tlic  block  in  I  hirer's  studio,  from  the  great 
master's  own  design.  On  the  chief  shield  are 
the  arms  of  the  monastery,  the  gridiron  of  St. 
Laurence  quartering  tin-  arms  of  Pomer.  By 
the  shield,  stands  St.  Laurence  holding"  in  one 
hand  a  gridiron,  and  in  the  other  the  martyr's 
palm.  Tin-  motto:  "To  the  pure  all  things 
are  pure,"  is  given,  as  was  Di'irer's  wont,  in 
Hebrew,  Greek,  and  Latin.  At  the  bottom  of 
all  is  the  owner's  name,  "  D.  Hector  Pomer 
Praepos  S.  Lavr. " 

Before  quite  leaving  Durer,  the  earliest  dated 
German  bookplate  should  be  named,  as  some 
think  that  he  had  a  hand  in  it,  especially  as  it 
was  for  a  friend  of  his,  Hieronymus  Ebner  von 
Ls<  henbach,  born  in  Nuremberg  on  the  5th  of 
January,  1477,  educated  at  Ingolstadt,  and 
afterwards  in  the  household  of  the  Emperor 
Maximilian,  he  became  a  learned  lawyer  and 
judge.  He  was  a  friend  and  ally  of  Martin 
Luther,  and  engaged  in  a  cultivated  corre- 
spondence with  many  of  the  leaders  of  that 
age. 

Following  the  start  given  by  Albrecht  Diirer, 
Nuremberg  continued  to  be  the  home  of  book- 
plate engraving ;  but  very  soon  copper-plate 
engraving  took  the  place  of  woodcuts. 


8  . 

^      CO 

^  °  o 


*0 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  17 

Two  of  the  best  engravers  were  two  brothers, 
Hans  Sebald  Beham,  born  in  1500,  and  Barthel 
Beham,  born  in  1502.  Both  were  skilful  en- 
gravers, and  both  were  expelled  their  native 
city  as  heretics.  The  elder  engraved  the  plate 
for  one  of  Dr.  Hector  Pomer's  smaller  ex  libris, 
and  the  younger  brother  engraved  the  two 
varieties  of  bookplates  for  Luther's  friend, 
Hieronymous  Baumgartner.  He  also  engraved 
a  plate  for  Melchior  Pfinzing,  provost  of  a 
church  in  Mainz. 

Here  we  will  turn  aside  from  Germany  for  a 
moment  just  to  refer  to  an  undoubted  English 
bookplate  of  this  early  period.  It  remains  to 
this  day  in  a  book  known  to  have  belonged  to 
Cardinal  Wolsey,  and  afterwards  to  Henry  VIII. 
This,  though  not  an  engraving,  is  none  the 
less  a  bookplate.  Mr.  W.  J.  Hardy,  our 
best  authority  on  English  ex  libris,  has  de- 
scribed it :  A  carefully  drawn  sketch  of  the 
cardinal's  arms,  with  supporters,  and  sur- 
mounted by  a  cardinal's  hat,  the  whole  coloured 
by  hand. 

Thus  the  very  earliest  English  ex  libris  of 
which  we  know  was  used  by  the  more  than 
princely  Thomas  Wolsey,  and  at  some  time 
between  15 14  and  his  death  in  1530,  in  which 
interval  he  was  the  arbiter  of  empires,  some- 
c 


18  BOOKPLATES 

times  journeying  attended  by  a  personal  retinue 
of  two  hundred  gentlemen  in  crimson  velvet, 
and  then,  later,  what  a  contrast — "  He  was 
without  beds,  sheets,  table-cloths,  cups  and 
dishes  !  " 

Matthias  Jundt,  born  at  Nuremberg  in  1498, 
and  died  in  1586,  engraved  a  good  number  of 
ex  libris.  He  produced  several  for  members  of 
the  Nuremberg  family  of  Pfinzing,  and  in  one 
of  them,  that  of  Seyfried  Pfinzing  von  Hen- 
fenfeld,  there  is  used  one  of  those  fanciful  con- 
ceits so  common  of  old;  the  motto  "  Saluti 
Patriae  Vixisse  Honestat  "  is  used  to  show  the 
owner's  initials.  Virgil  Solis,  born  at  Nurem- 
berg in  1 5 14,  engraved  both  on  copper  and  on 
wood,  working  mostly  from  his  own  designs. 
The  engravings  known  to  be  by  him  number 
eight  hundred.  He  engraved  an  ex  libris  block 
for  Gundlach  of  Nuremberg  in  1555.  It  re- 
presents Pomona,  with  the  arms  of  Gundlach 
and  Furleger,  in  a  beautiful  landscape.  In 
the  same  year  he  engraved  an  armorial  and 
landscape  plate  for  Andreas  Imhof,  another 
Nuremberger.  This  is  our  first  mention  of 
landscape  bookplates,  but  it  will  be  by  no 
means  the  last.  The  last  of  this  set  of  en- 
gravers whom  we  will  mention  was  not  a 
native    of   Nuremberg,    but   came   there    from 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  19 

Zurich,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  in  1560,  and 
died  there  in  1591.  His  best  work  was  in 
woodcuts.  The  curious  in  calligraphy  will  find 
that  he  signed  his  initials  in  twelve  different 
forms.     His  name  was  Jost  Amman. 

In  German  Bookplates,  translated  for  George 
Bell  and  Sons'  ex  libris  series,  nearly  twenty 
bookplates  engraved  by  Jost  Amman  are  enu- 
merated, and  good  reproductions  are  given  of 
several.  There  is  the  usual  armorial  shield, 
but  a  large  amount  of  richly  decorative  renais- 
sance engraving  outside  it.  In  the  plate 
engraved  for  Veit  August  Holzschuher,  the 
owner  has  evidently  signed  his  name  in  a 
space  at  the  foot  of  the  block  left  for  it.  His 
arms  fittingly  display  a  pair  of  wooden  shoes 
to  fit  his  name.  One  cannot  help  wishing  that 
more  of  these  early  private  ex  libris  had  such  a 
space,  bearing  the  ancient  owner's  autograph. 


CHAPTER    III 

BOOKPLATES    CHRONOLOGICALLY 

Lucas  Cranach  — Charles  V.  —  Hans  Holbein — Early  French 
and  English  bookplates — Sir  Nicholas  Bacon — Queen 
Elizabeth — Bookplates  that  are  not  armorial — Bookplates 
in  Switzerland,  Sweden,  and  Italy. 

IN  the  ex  libris  which  Jost  Amman  made 
for  "Johann  Fischart  genannt  Mentzer " 
the  initial  letters  J.  F.G.M.  are  the  initial  letters, 
too,  of  the  owner's  motto:  "Jove  fovente 
gignitur  Minerva." 

Leaving  now  the  Nuremberg  school,  we 
come  to  Lucas  Cranach  the  elder.  He  is  just 
one  of  those  figures  of  old  time  of  whom  one 
would  like  to  know  much  more.  His  chivalrous 
attachment  to  Frederick  the  Magnanimous,  the 
last  of  three  Electors  of  Saxony,  all  of  whom 
he  served,  points  to  noble  traits  of  character. 
He  shared  all  the  sufferings  of  Frederick  the 
Magnanimous  in  the  five  years  that  he  was  in 
the  hands  of  Charles  V.,  although  himself  an 
old  man,  went  with  him  to  Weimar  on  his 
release  in  1552,  and  died  there  in  his  eighty- 
20 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  21 

first  year,  on  the  16th  October,  1553.  His 
painting's  and  engravings  are  without  number, 
the  latter  mostly  woodcuts.  One  special 
interest  of  his  work  is  that  he  was  fond  of 
introducing  homely  portraits  of  his  friends, 
and  portraits  always  give  great  interest  to 
ex  libris. 

Among  the  ex  libris  from  the  hand  of  Lucas 
Cranach  the  elder  are  the  woodcuts,  in  four 
different  sizes,  engraved  for  the  Library  of 
Wittenberg  University,  and  each  bearing  the 
portrait  of  Frederick  the  Magnanimous. 

At  the  foot  of  each  is  the  inscription — 

"  Et  patris,  et  patrui,  famam,  virtutibus,  aequat. 
Sui  patris  et  patrui,  nobile  nomen  habet. 
Adserit,  invicto  divinum  pectore  verbum, 
Et  Musas  omni  dexteritate  juvat. 
Hinc  etiam  ad  promptos  studiorum  contulit  usus, 
Inspicis  hoc  prassens  quod  modo  Lector  opus." 

Hans  Holbein  has  been  credited  with  the 
designs  for  two  woodcuts  ex  libris. 

With  the  great  amount  and  variety  of  work 
done  by  Holbein  it  would  be  most  natural  that 
he  should  have  designed  some  ex  libris.  We 
of  to-day  can  only  deal  with  what  has  survived. 
For  instance,  scores  of  precious  works  printed 
three  hundred  years  ago  have  wholly  passed 
out  of  knowledge. 


22  BOOKPLATES 

What  a  charming  bookplate  Hans  Holbein 
would  have  invented — who  knows  that  he  did 
not?  say,  for  his  noble  martyr  friend  Sir 
Thomas  More — perhaps  depicting  sweet  Mar- 
garet Roper  reading  to  her  father,  adding  at 
foot  of  the  plate  some  quaint  motto  from 
Erasmus  !  Hans  Holbein  lived  scarcely  forty- 
six  years. 

Next  we  will  mention  Hans  Burgkmaier, 
born,  too,  at  Augsburg  in  1473,  and  a  son  of 
Hans  Holbein  the  elder's  father-in-law.  Several 
ex  libris  have  been  assigned  to  his  hand  ;  but 
with  no  certainty.  The  Emperor  Maximilian  I. 
was  his  patron,  and  Albrecht  Di'irer  his  friend. 

Now  we  reach  about  the  time  of  what,  until 
lately,  was  accounted  the  earliest  French  book- 
plate with  a  date.  This  bears  the  brief  but 
comprehensive  inscription  :  "  Ex  bibliotheca 
Caroli  Albosii.  E.  Eduensis.  Ex  labore  quies." 
The  earliest  known  dated  English  ex  libris 
is  also  of  1574  ;  but  we  always,  in  courtesy, 
put  our  friends  before  ourselves,  and  remember 
Napier's  splendid  remark  on  hearing  that  Lord 
Mahon  had  contemptuously  spoken  of  Napier's 
History  as  the  best  "French"  history  of  the 
war:  "I  always  thought  that  to  be  generous 
to  a  noble  foe  was  truly  English,  until  my  Lord 
Mahon  informed  me  it  was  wholly  French." 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  23 

Sir  Nicholas  Bacon's  bookplate  bears  his 
arms  with  helmet  surmounted  by  crest ;  the 
crest  being-,  of  course,  the  only  crest  that  could 
belong'  to  Bacon.  The  Germans  very  properly 
never  dreamt  that  a  crest  ought  to  appear  any- 
where but  on  a  helmet.  We  have  not  been  so 
correct.  This  recalls  the  blank  amazement  of  a 
German  on  beholding  a  British  officer  in  plain 
clothes.  I  remember  thirty  years  ago,  in  Ger- 
many, my  friend  FitzRoy  Gardner  happening 
to  show  a  photograph  of  Field-Marshal  Sir 
John  Burgoyne  in  plain  clothes.  The  exclama- 
tion came  at  once,  "  He  cannot  be  an  officer, 
he  is  not  in  uniform."  This  was,  of  course,  the 
chivalrous  old  warrior  who,  in  his  yacht,  brought 
the  lovely  Empress  of  the  French  safely  to  our 
shores. 

This  very  interesting  and  early  English 
bookplate  has  at  the  foot  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon's 
motto:  "  Mediocria  Firma,"  and  we  need 
not  go  here  in  full  into  the  point  of  its  date, 
which  is  fairly  established.  It  is  with  an 
inscription  in  books  given  in  1574  by  Sir 
Nicholas  Bacon  to  Cambridge  University.  Sir 
Nicholas,  perhaps  best  known  for  being  the 
father  of  Francis,  was  the  close  friend  of  Cecil, 
Lord  Burleigh,  and  Matthew  Parker,  Arch- 
bishop  of   Canterbury,   fellow  -  ministers   with 


24  BOOKPLATES 

him  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Queen  Bess  often 
made  herself  his  guest,  and  alter  her  visit  of 
six  days  in  1577.  her  host  had  the  door  by 
which  she  had  passed  under  bis  roof  nailed 
up,  so  that  no  one,  after  her,  might  cross  the 
same  threshold.  Oh  for  the  picturesque  days 
of  old!  Lord  Beaconsfield  alone,  in  our  day, 
might  have  thought  of  such  a  graceful  act. 

The  second  dated  engraved  English  book- 
plate known  at  present  is  that  of  Sir  Thomas 
Tresham,  knighted  by  Queen  Bess  in  1575. 
The  plate  is  armorial,  with  a  huge  array  of 
quarterings  ;  helmet  surmounted  by  crest  in 
proper  style.  Inscription:  "  Fecit  mihi  magna 
qui  potens  est.  1585.  Jun.  29.",  and  below  the 
arms  :   "  S  Tho:  Tresame  Knight." 

Sir  Thomas  married  Muriel,  daughter  of 
Sir  Robert  Throckmorton,  and  their  son  was 
Francis,  "a  wylde  and  unstayed  man,"  who 
first  engaged  in,  and  then  revealed,  the  Gun- 
powder Plot.  The  father's  dying,  in  1605,  was 
probably  the  cause  of  the  son's  not  going 
forward  in  the  plot,  as  he  inherited  property 
which  would  steady  his  aspirations.  Sir  Thomas 
left  interesting  memories  of  himself  in  fine 
buildings  ;  and  particularly  in  his  own  county 
of  Northampton,  the  market-house  at  Roth  well, 
and  the  triangular  lodge  at  Rushton. 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  25 

A  characteristic  German  plate  of  about  1570 
is  that  of  Johann  Hector  zum  Jungen,  with  his 
name  thus  engraved  in  full  under  his  arms,  and 
the  Latin  motto  :  "  Memorare  nouissima  tua," 
at  the  top  of  the  plate.  In  the  earliest  ex  libris 
we  did  not  find  the  owners'  names  engraved. 

So  far  almost  everything  has  been  purely 
armorial,  and  now  we  will  turn  to  something 
different.  This  is  a  1588  German  plate  ;  cer- 
tainly it  bears  a  small  shield  of  arms,  but  most 
of  the  plate  is  occupied  with  the  following 
engraved  inscription  :  "  Reverendus  et  Nobilis 
Dominus  Wolfgangus  Andreas  Rem  a  Ketz, 
Cathedralis  Ecclesia  August:  Sum:  Propositus, 
librum  hunc  una  cum  mille  et  tribus  aliis, 
variisque  instrumentis  Mathematicis,  Biblio- 
thecae  Monasterii  S.  Crucis  Augustae,  ad  per- 
petuum  Conventualium  usum,  Anno  Christi 
M.D.LXXXVIII.     Testamento  legauit.  " 

We  have  noticed  1574  as  the  date  of  the 
earliest  English  dated  bookplate,  the  next  dated 
is  not  until  1585,  and  in  France  the  gap  is  still 
wider  ;  1574  is  the  earliest  dated  French  plate, 
and  the  next  that  has  been  found  is  dated  161 1. 

In  Sweden,  too,  many  years  passed  after  the 
1595  example  without  a  dated  successor.  In 
Switzerland,  also,  where  the  earliest  dated  ex 
libris  was  in  1607,  a  long  interval  followed,  in 


BOOKPLATES 

which  we  do  not  find  dated  Swiss  ex  libris.  In 
Italy  we  do  not  find  any  dated  ex  libris  before 
[623. 

This  161 1  plate  is  that  of  Alexandre  Bou- 
chart,  Viscount  de  Blosseville.  This  was  found 
in  a  folio  copy  of  the  works  of  Ptolemy  printed 
at  Amsterdam  in  1605,  in  the  Bibliotheque 
Nationale  in  Paris.  The  graver  -  work  and 
probably  the  design,  too,  was  done  by  Leonard 
Gaultier,  who  also  executed  an  engraved  por- 
trait of  Alexandre  Bouchart.  Leonard  Gaultier 
was  born  at  Mayence  in  about  1561,  and  died 
in  Paris  in  1641,  having"  engraved  above  eight 
hundred  plates. 

Herr  Carlander,  the  chief  authority  for 
Swedish  bookplates,  finds  1596  the  earliest 
date,  and  this  on  the  plate  of  Senator  Thure 
Bielke,  of  whom  we  do  not  know  much  more 
than  that  to  his  own  cost  he  took  the  wrong 
side  in  politics,  was  beheaded  in  1600,  and  had 
therefore  no  further  use  for  his  dated  ex  libris. 

A  German  ex  libris  of  near  this  date  is 
interesting,  as,  like  a  good  many  others,  it  is  to 
be  found  in  three  sizes.  This  is  the  ex  libris  of 
Johann  Baptist  Zeyll,  designed  by  P.  Opel, 
and  cut  on  wood  by  C.  L.  in  1593. 

Of  course  now  in  the  days  of  photography 
it   is  easy  to  have  your   bookplate  in   several 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  27 

sizes  ;  but  it  was  far  otherwise  in  these  old 
times. 

Next  must  be  named  a  plate  engraved  in  1613 
for  placing-  in  the  books  presented  by  William 
Willmer,  a  Northamptonshire  gentleman,  to 
his  college  library  in  Cambridge.  Mr.  Griggs 
reproduced  it  among  his  eighty-three  armorial 
examples.  It  is  inscribed  "Sydney  Sussex 
Colledge  Ex  dono  Wilhelmi  Willmer  de  Sywell 
in  Com.  Northamtoniae,  Armigeri,  quondam 
pentionarii  in  ista  Domi.  Vizin  Anno  Domini 
1599  seddedit  in  An0  Dni  1613." 

In  France,  as  likewise  in  England,  there  are 
hardly  any  dated  bookplates  at  this  period. 
Mr.  Walter  Hamilton,  in  writing  of  French  ex 
libris  before  1650,  refers  to  three  in  different 
sizes,  all  engraved  for  Jean  Bigot,  Sieur  de 
Sommesnil ;  and  somewhat  later,  another  set 
differing  from  the  former,  and  with  the  owner's 
name  engraved  as  Johannes  Bigot.  After  that 
we  read  of  three  bookplates  engraved  for  the 
son,  L.  E.  Bigot.  In  this  connection  the  late 
Mr.  Walter  Hamilton  is  drawn  on  to  give  par- 
ticulars of  a  family  of  ardent  book  collectors, 
thus  incidentally  illustrating  very  happily  how 
the  possession  of  one  dirty  scrap  of  paper — 
an  old  ex  libris — may  lead  on  from  one  fascina- 
ting inquiry  to  another. 


28  BOOKPLATES 

A  fine  characteristic  German  ecclesiastical  ex 
librii  >.>i  [624  is  the  plate  given — page  330, 
George  Hell  and  Sons— of  Otto  Gereon  von 
Gutmann,  Doctor  of  Theology,  Electoral  Coun- 
cillor, and  Suffragan  Bishop  of  Cologne. 

A  very  fine  armorial  plate,  of  which  we  do 
not  know  the  designer,  the  engraver,  nor  the 
date,  is  that  of  Alexandre  Petau.  His  father, 
Paul  Petau,  Conseiller  au  Parlement  de  Paris, 
died  in  1613,  bequeathing  to  his  son  a  fine 
library  of  manuscripts  and  printed  books. 

A  bookplate  in  two  sizes,  engraved  for  Claude 
Sarrau,  Councillor  to  the  Parliament  of  Paris. 
He  died  in  165 1,  and  his  son  Isaac,  in  1654, 
edited  his  father's  correspondence  with  the 
learned  of  his  time.  The  larger  Sarrau  plate, 
and  probably  the  smaller  as  well,  were  engraved 
by  Isaac  Briot,  who  was  born  in  1585,  and  died 
in  Paris  in  1670. 

Reaching  the  seventeenth  century,  we  find 
German  ex  libris  multiplying  greatly,  but  not 
improving  in  design. 

Armorial  bookplates  still  predominate,  but 
the  shield  is  often  in  one  way  or  another  sur- 
rounded by  wreaths  of  leaves  and  flowers.  It 
can  hardly  be  insisted  on  too  clearly  that  there 
is  nothing  mysterious,  though  much  that  is 
interesting,  about  the  varying  modes  and  man- 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  29 

ners  of  ex  libris.  They,  in  fact,  represented  the 
art,  customs,  learning,  and  taste  of  successive 
ages. 

Thus  turn  to  Johann  Sibmacher's  Wappen- 
biichlein,  published  in  1596,  and  you  will  find 
plenty  of  illustrations  of  these  wreaths,  though 
with  no  reference  to  bookplates. 


CHAPTER    IV 

BOOKPL  \  I  is    (  HRONOLOGICALLY 

The  seventeenth  century  begins— German  plates     William 
Marshall —Lonl  Littleton— Huet,  Bishop  of  Avranches. 

IN  1604  Egidius  Sadeler  of  Munich  engraved 
for  Arnold  von  Reyger  a  plate  which  is  both 
signed  and  dated.  At  the  top  of  the  plate  is 
the  Latin  motto  "Ad  Deum  Refugium,"  and 
in  another  part  of  the  plate  are  the  letters 
"Z.G.  M.Z.,"  standing  for  "  Zu  Gott  meine 
Zuilucht,"  the  German  version  of  the  Latin 
motto. 

In  1619  Hans  Hauer  designed  and  Hans 
Troschel  engraved  a  characteristic  and  very 
elaborate  ex  libris  for  Johann  Wilhelm  Krep 
von  Krepenstein,  of  Nuremberg.  Both  designer 
and  engraver  were  natives  of  Nuremberg,  the 
former  born  in  1582,  and  the  latter  about  six 
years  later. 

In    about   the    year    1623    Raphael    Sadeler 

engraved    a    bookplate   in  three  sizes  for  the 

Electoral   Library  of  the  Dukes  of  Bavaria  at 

Munich.       He   also  engraved    a  plate  for  the 

30 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  31 

Elector  Palatine's   libraries  in  Heidelberg-  and 
in  Rome. 

Raphael  Sadeler  and  his  elder  brother  Jan, 
and  their  nephew  Gillis  or  Egidius  Sadeler, 
were  all  skilful  with  the  graver.  Raphael  was 
born  at  Brussels  in  1555,  and  with  his  elder 
brother  travelled  through  Germany,  producing 
many  engravings,  and  afterwards  settling  at 
Venice.  Egidius,  the  nephew,  was  born  at 
Antwerp  in  1575;  taught  by  his  uncles  Jan  and 
Raphael,  he  lived  to  far  surpass  his  teachers. 
After  spending  some  time  in  Italy,  he  was 
invited  to  Prague  by  the  Emperor  Rudolph  II. 
He  died  at  Prague  in  1629. 

In  1640,  or  a  little  earlier,  William  Marshall 
engraved  a  bookplate  for  Edward,  Lord  Little- 
ton, born  in  1589  at  Munston,  in  Shropshire, 
his  father  being  Sir  Edward  Littleton,  Chief 
Justice  of  North  Wales,  and  his  mother  being 
a  daughter  of  Edmund  Walter,  Chief  Justice 
of  South  Wales.  From  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
Littleton,  in  1608,  entered  the  Inner  Temple. 
On  his  father's  death,  in  162 1,  he  became  Chief 
Justice  of  North  Wales.  In  1625  he  became 
member  of  Parliament  for  Leominster.  He 
became  counsel  to  the  University  of  Oxford, 
Reader  to  the  Inner  Temple,  and  Recorder 
of  London.     In   1634  he  was  made   Solicitor- 


32  BOOKPLATES 

General.  In  the  meantime  his  great  learning' 
ami  high  character  made  him  much  respected, 
and  the  City  Aldermen  sent  him  a  courteous 
gift  of  two  hogsheads  of  claret  and  a  pipe  of 
canary.  Next,  he  became  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  and  soon  Lord  Chancellor. 
In  February,  164 1,  he  was  created  Lord  Little- 
ton of  Munston.  Happily  for  him  he  died 
young1,  as  in  those  stormy  times  he  was  too 
just  a  man  to  be  a  good  party  politician.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  on  May  21st,  1644,  he 
was  commissioned  to  raise  a  regiment  of  foot 
soldiers,  consisting  of  gentlemen  of  the  Inns 
of  Court  and  Chancery  and  others,  himself 
becoming  colonel.  The  great  Lord  Clarendon 
wrote  of  Littleton  as  a  "  handsome  and  proper 
man  of  a  very  graceful  presence,  and  notorious 
for  courage,  which  in  his  youth  he  had  mani- 
fested with  his  sword." 

Above  all,  Littleton  was  incorruptible,  win- 
ning, and  keeping  the  respect  of  such  opposite 
men  as  Clarendon  and  Bulstrode  Whitelocke. 
Here  we  get  a  glimpse  of  his  library,  as  it  is 
recorded  that  when  the  Commons  seized  his 
books  Whitelocke  interceded  and  got  the  books 
given  into  his  own  care,  so  that,  as  he  ex- 
pressed it,  "when  God  gave  them  a  happy 
accommodation "    he    might    restore    them    to 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  33 

rightful  hands.  The  arms  on  the  bookplate 
are  the  arms  of  Lyttelton  of  Frankley. 

Littleton's  first  wife  was  a  daughter  of  John 
Lyttelton  (spelt  as  you  please)  of  Frankley, 
Worcestershire.  Littleton  died  at  Oxford  on 
August  27th,  1645,  and  is  buried  in  Christ 
Church  Cathedral. 

Not  the  least  interesting  point  about  this 
Littleton  plate  is  that  it  was  engraved  by 
William  Marshall,  a  name  or  initials  found  on 
such  a  great  number  of  portraits  and  other 
book  illustrations  of  this  period.  Not  very 
much  is  known  about  him.  The  dates  of  his 
works  range  from  1591  to  1649. 

A  characteristic  German  plate,  dated  1645, 
is,  by  the  good  authority  of  Warnecke,  the 
work  of  the  engraver  Raphael  Custos  of  Augs- 
burg, eldest  son  of  Dominicus  de  Coster, 
painter  and  engraver,  and  grandson  of  Pieter 
De  Coster  or  Balten,  poet  and  painter.  This 
plate,  engraved  for  Wilhelm  and  Clara  Krep 
von  Krepenstein,  embraces  the  coats-of-arms 
of  the  small  number  of  thirty-one  ancestors. 

"  curae  numen  habet  justu  move  40  eneid. 
inde  cruce  hinc  trutina  armatus  regique  deoque 
milito  disco  meis  haec  duo  nempe  libris 
ex  libris  Petri  Maridat  in  mag-no  Regis 
consilio  Senatoris" 


34  BOOKPLATES 

the  inscriptions  on  the  plate  here  illustrated 
of  Theophilus  Raynaud  or  Raynald,  born  in 
Piedmont,  and  died  at  the  age  of  eighty  in 
Lyons  on  October  31st,  1663.  He  was  a 
learned  Jesuit,  and  a  most  untiring  student  all 
his  life,  but,  unlike  most  inveterate  readers,  he 
was  bitter  and  morose  of  temper.  Perhaps 
this  was  caused  by  his  reading  excesses,  as  it 
is  told  that  he  thought  fifteen  minutes  almost 
too  much  to  give  to  any  meal.  His  portrait  is 
in  his:  "  tractatus  depileo,  cceterisque  capitis 
tegminibus  tarn  sacris  quam  profanis.  D.  D. 
Petro  de  Maridat,  in  magno  Regis  Christian- 
issimi  Consilio  Senatori  dicatus."  Under  the 
portrait  is  the  shield-of-arms,  as  on  the  book- 
plate, and  above  it  the  motto:  "  Dextera 
Domini  fecit  virtutem."  Below  is:  "  Non 
potuit  ccelum  Capiti  par  addere,  tegmen,  Hoc 
Cceli  effigiem  perficientis  erit. "  The  engraving 
is  signed  "L  Spirinx  fecit."  Nagler  gives 
Ludwig  Spirinx  as  an  engraver  born  at  Lyons 
or  Dijon,  and  working  in  Brussels  from  about 
1640  to  1660. 

Coming  once  more  to  Nuremberg,  there  is 
the  1674  plate  engraved  by  D.  Krt'iger  for 
Colonel  Georg  Christof  Volckamer.  There  is 
no    inscription    on    the   plate,    which    shows    a 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  35 

cherub  sitting-  on  a  hill  and  holding  a  shield-of- 
arms.  The  colonel  was  not  content  to  choose 
between  helmet  and  coronet ;  he  has  elected 
to  have  both. 

One  of  the  many  plates  of  which  the  en- 
graver is  not  known  is  that  of  Franz  Ludwig 
Anton  Freiherr  von  Lerchenfeld-Prennberg. 
The  shield  is  borne  on  two  flags  crossing  one 
another.  At  the  foot  of  the  plate  is  engraved 
"  Ex  Libris,  Francisci  Ludovici,"  etc.,  giving 
all  the  owner's  titles.  He  was  Chamberlain  of 
the  Munich  High  Court  of  Appeal. 

A  well-known  plate  is  that  of  Pierre  Daniel 
Huet,  Bishop  of  Avranches,  and  probably  the 
best-remembered  holder  of  that  ancient  See, 
and  tenant  of  the  famous  Bishop's  Palace.  He 
was  Bishop  of  Avranches  from  1689  to  1699, 
but,  born  at  Caen  in  1630,  he  was  already,  in 
1650,  a  renowned  savant,  and  twelve  years 
later  founded  the  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Caen. 
He  did  not  become  a  priest  until  he  was  forty- 
six  years  old ;  but  all  his  life  he  was  an  enormous 
reader,  and  gifted  with  a  wondrous  memory. 
Of  course  he  wrote  books  as  well  as  reading 
the  lore  of  others. 

At  Avranches  visitors,  calling  for  advice  from 
their  bishop,  were  told  "  He  cannot  see  you, 


36  BOOKPLATES 

lu-  is  studying'";  and  in  vain  they  claimed  tha: 
they  wanted  to  see  a  diocesan  who  had  finished 
his  studies. 

The  plate  was  engraved  in  four  sizes  for  the 
Jesuits'  College  in  Paris,  to  which  he  gave  his 
library  in  [692.  As  he  spent  the  latter  years 
of  his  long  life  with  the  Paris  Jesuits  he  was 
not  long  separated  from  his  books,  and  lived 
ninety-two  years,  so  that  none  might  say  that 
in  him  much  study  had  produced  a  weariness  of 
the  flesh. 

In  1692  another  library,  left  this  time  by  will, 
and  accordingly,  too,  another  ex  tibn's,  came  to 
the  Jesuits  of  Paris,  and  from  a  friend  of  Huet, 
Gilles  Menage.  Like  Huet,  his  appetite  for 
study  was  vast  and  his  memory  unfailing. 
Born  at  Angers  in  1613,  he  died  in  Paris  in 
1692.  Thus  he  spent  some  eighty  years  among 
the  s+irewd  litterateurs  of  that  day,  and  the 
following  conversation  need  not  be  taken  as  a 
sign  of  want  of  veracity  on  his  part.  Angers 
seems,  like  Crete  of  old,  to  have  had  a  lying 
reputation.  He,  asking  a  lady  to  define  un- 
truthfulness, received  for  reply,  that  as  for 
defining  lying  she  did  not  quite  know,  but  liar 
she  would  define  as  "  Monsieur  Manage  !  " 

It  will  be  seen  how  little  it  had  yet  become 
the  custom  for  bibliophiles  to  have  bookplates. 


300KPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  37 

Neither  Huet  nor  Manage  used  ex  libris  for 
themselves,  and  to  this  day  no  bookplate  of 
Moliere,  or  Racine,  or  La  Fontaine,  or  of  many 
other  leaders  of  that  age  has  been  found. 

After  about  1650  a  change  is  seen  in  the 
styles  of  French  ex  libris.  Helmets  go  out  of 
use,  and,  for  lack  of  better  ideas,  coronets  are 
assumed,  often  by  those  who  had  not  the 
faintest  right  to  them.  The  square  shield,  in 
time,  gives  place  to  the  oval  form. 


CHAPTER    V 

BOOKPLATES    CHRONOLOGICALLY 

Some  French  and  some  German  plates — The  cap  of  liberty — 
Buonaparte — Alsace  and  Lorraine. 

A  S  a  date  is  always  a  signal  advantage,  the 
J~\.  bookplate  "  Petri  Antonii  Convers  Lau- 
donensis.  L  Monnier  Divione.  1762  "  may 
be  mentioned.  It  is,  of  course,  topped  by  the 
irrepressible  coronet.  Louis  Gabriel  Monnier 
was  born  at  Besancon  in  1733,  and  died  at 
Dijon  in  1804.  The  Convers  plate  is  wholly 
Rococo  ;  but  taking-  from  Walter  Hamilton 
another  French  ex  libris  engraved  but  nine 
years  later,  we  see  that  with  some  artists  the 
heavy  brigade  is  already  on  duty.  Here  we 
have  a  big  gun,  an  armorial  shield  flanked  by 
three  flags  on  each  side,  but  without  any  grace- 
ful design.  Still  the  inevitable  coronet,  and 
below  all,  the  inscription  :  "  Le  Ch"  De  Belle- 
hache  officier  de  Cavalerie  au  Reg1  D'artois  / 
1771."  Here,  after  all,  there  is  no  possibility 
of  mistaking  for  whom  this  plate  was  engraved, 
38 


INDE  CRVCE  HWCTPI'riNA.ARI'tATVS' W?GrqvF,B£0«i» 
MILTTO  T>rSCO MEI-TRCCnVO ITZMVE'imhs 
£x  libris 'Petri MJyiJat in  marjno  Regis Confiti'oJmatenj 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  39 

and  thus,  though  not  beautiful,  it  quite  fulfils 
its  duty. 

Sixteen  years  later  we  have  a  plate  which 
also  has  these  essential  points,  but  is  in  the 
shell-work  mode,  light  and  elegant.  Round  the 
upper  part  is  a  label  inscribed:  "Ex  libris 
Ant.  Franc  Alex  Boula  de  Nanteuil,"  and  at 
the  base:  "Libellorum  suplicum  Magister.  a 
mandatis  Regiae  &c  &c — et  in  suprema  Galli- 
arum  curia  senator  ad  horrorem.  1777."  The 
shield  is  azure,  three  bezants. 

Here  is  an  instance  of  an  ex  libris  not  inserted, 
but  impressed,  seemingly  a  copper-plate  engrav- 
ing. The  design  is  simple  ;  but  quite  serves  its 
purpose.  It  is  an  oval  frame  surmounted  by  a 
ribbon  tied  in  a  bow,  and  in  the  oval  the  words 
"Ex  Bibliotheca  Ecclesia  Aug.  Conf.  Posson." 
The  book  is  a  copy  of  Prodromus  idiomatis 
.  .  .  adparatus  criticus  ad  linguam  Hun- 
garicam  .  .  .  auctore  Georgio  Kalmar  .  .  . 
Posonii,  .  .  .  1770.  The  copy  bears  also 
another  ownership  inscription — in  other  words, 
another  ex  libris  :  "  Obtulit  /  Frider.  Frank.  / 
Posen. /1789.  /" 

A  curious  plate  here  illustrated  is  that  of 
Peter  Mairdat. 

Of  about  1780  is  the  copper-plate  of  Klemens 
Wenzel,    Duke   of   Saxony,    Prince  of    Bland, 


40  BOOKPLATES 

Elector-Archbishop  of  Trier,  and  Bishop  of 
Augsburg.  The  plate  represents  the  arms  of 
Augsburg1,  of  Trier,  of  Saxony,  and  also 
of  Poland. 

This  is  not  the  place  to  write  the  story  of 
the  first  great  French  Revolution  ;  but  it  is  to 
the  point  of  our  subject  in  hand  to  note  that  on 
June  20th,  1790,  a  decree  was  proposed  and 
passed  in  the  French  Assembly  suppressing 
the  titles  of  duke,  count,  marquis,  viscount, 
baron,  and  chevalier,  and  at  the  same  time  all 
armorial  bearing's  were  done  away  with.  Now 
followed  a  bad  time  for  bookplate  artists  and 
engravers.  The  cap  of  liberty  and  the  bloody 
guillotine  do  not  breathe  high  artistic  inspira- 
tion. 

The  plate  of  Marshal  Jourdan  consists  chiefly 
of  a  shield  wholly  occupied  with  the  simple  in- 
scription "  Bibliotheque  du  Marechal  Jourdan." 

Coming  to  the  days  of  the  first  Empire, 
Buonaparte,  the  despot,  ruled  armorial  insignia 
with  the  same  iron  hand  as  he  regulated  anything 
else.  His  orders  and  restrictions  were  number- 
less, and  in  particular  he  introduced  the  various 
forms  of  a  headdress  denominated  une  toque. 
Cities  under  Buonaparte's  sway  bore  certain 
badges  according  to  whether  he  ranked  them 
as   cities   of  the   first,    second,  or  third  order. 


EX.   t.l.BRtS 


^tbf  &Z&77&&/  <^tZ4€^££<L^'/Ct?s&£>?l/ 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  41 

Those  of  the  first  order  had  the  honour  of 
bearing-  the  Napoleon  badge — three  golden  bees 
on  a  chief  gules. 

The  bookplate  of  the  Bastille  is  well  illus- 
trated in  French  Bookplates  (Walter  Hamilton), 
but  must  not  be  quite  passed  over  here.  It 
represents  a  shield  on  a  bracket,  bearing  the 
fleur-de-lis.  The  shield  is  ensigned  with  a 
crown  and  enclosed  by  the  collars  of  the  orders 
of  S.  Michel  and  the  Sainte  Esprit.  Above  all 
is  the  name  "chateau  royal  de  la  bastille." 

In  July  of  1789  the  Bastille  was  destroyed 
by  the  Paris  mob. 

I  give  a  reproduction  of  the  characteristic 
French  "Ex  libris  du  Comte  Paul  de  Maiden 
de  la  Bastille." 

In  the  ex  libris  of  Claude  Martin,  cannon, 
cannon-balls  and  flags,  tents  and  scaling- 
ladders,  are  to  the  fore  ;  whilst  on  a  rock  in 
the  middle  there  is  a  lion  rampant,  holding 
up  a  sword  in  one  fore  paw  and  an  ensign 
in  the  other.  Since  the  Belgians  disfigured 
the  field  of  Waterloo  with  a  huge  mound 
to  celebrate  the  tiny  devotion  of  their  race,  a 
lion  on  a  hill  does  not  stand  for  much  !  At 
the  head  of  this  plate  is  the  motto  "Lahore 
et  constantia,"  and  at  the  foot  "  Ex  libris 
Claudii  Martin." 


42  BOOKPLATES 

In  1814  Napoleon  Buonaparte  abdicated,  and 
in  the  saint-  year  Louis  XVIII.,  the  younger 
brother  of  Louis  XVI. ,  became  king.  In  1824 
Louis  XVI 1 1,  died,  and  his  younger  brother, 
Charles  X.,  came  to  the  throne,  which  he  held 
until  1830,  when  he  was  deposed,  and  his  cousin 
Louis  Philippe  sat  on  this  unstable  throne. 
In  184S  he  in  turn  abdicated,  and  a  Republic 
was  proclaimed,  with  Louis  Napoleon  as 
President.  During  these  foregone  thirty  years 
the  old  nobility,  after  a  manner,  recovered  their 
ancient  titles,  and  many  new  nobility  were 
created  ;  but  it  cannot  be  said  to  have  been 
an  age  productive  of  fine  or  interesting  ex 
libris. 

A  variety  from  the  sometimes  too  stern 
formality  of  ex  libris  designs  is  found  in  the 
plate  engraved  by  D.  Collin  for  Monsieur 
Riston.  A  fantastic  R.,  or  perhaps  A.  R.,  is 
figured  on  an  oval,  with  child  figures,  a  few 
books,  and  a  pen  and  ink,  all  apparently  in  the 
open-air  around. 

The  ex  libris  of  Pierre  Antoine  Berryer  is 
not  of  any  striking  character,  but  is  a  fair 
specimen.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to  the 
Academie  Francaise  ;  but  he  was  best  known 
for  his  great  defence  of  Count  Montalembert 
before  the  French  Courts  in  1858. 


BOOKPLATES  CHRONOLOGICALLY  43 

Alsace  and  Lorraine  have  given  us  some  good 
specimens  of  bookplates,  and  as  might  be 
expected,  the  manners  and  styles  of  several 
nations  are  here  included.  In  some  an  in- 
teresting feature  is  the  introduction  of  a  view 
of  the  owner's  parish  church. 


CHAPTER    VI 

BOOKPLATES  WITH    MANTLING 

Viscount  Cholinondeley — James  Loch  of  Drylaw — William 
Pitt  of  Binfield. 

MR.    G.    F.    BARWICK,    to    whom    the 
Mercator  ex  libris  belongs,  has  kindly 
sent  me  the  following  :  — 

"Nicholas  Mercator  was  born  at  Cismar, 
Holstein,  about  1620,  and  after  completing  his 
studies  in  Copenhagen  he  continued  to  reside 
there  until  1660,  when  he  came  to  England. 
His  fame  as  a  mathematician  was  already  well 
established,  and  he  was  almost  immediately 
elected  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society,  which 
had  recently  been  founded.  Some  years  later 
he  entered  the  service  of  Louis  XIV.,  and 
superintended  the  construction  of  the  fountains 
at  Versailles.  For  this  work,  however,  he 
could  not  obtain  payment,  in  consequence  of 
his  refusal  to  become  a  Catholic,  and  the 
trouble  which  it  caused  him  is  said  to  have 
shortened  his  life.  He  wrote  a  number  of 
44 


^c/i^M^Meivafor 


BOOKPLATES  WITH  MANTLING    45 

small  treatises  and  contributed  to  the  Philo- 
sophical Transactions,  but  his  fame  chiefly  rests 
upon  his  Logarithmotechnia ,  London,  1668-74, 
4to,  in  which  he  developed  the  well-known 
formula  which  bears  his  name.  A  portrait  of 
him  was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  Mr. 
T.  D.  F.  Tatham  of  Althorne,  Essex,  a  colla- 
teral descendant  of  the  Mercators,  and  passed 
at  his  death  into  the  possession  of  his  nephew, 
Mr.  W.  Tatham-Hughes  of  Chelsea  Hospital." 
A  bookplate  with  fine  mantling  and  sup- 
porters is  that  of  "The  Right  Honourable 
Hugh  Lord  Viscount  Cholmondeley."  It  occurs 
in  a  copy  of  "The  causes  of  the  Decay  of 
Christian  Piety  .  .  .  London,  Printed  by 
R.  Norton  for  T.  Garthwait,  in  S.  Bartholo- 
mew's Hospital,  near  Smithfield,  1667."  This 
copy — it  belongs  to  Mr.  E.  F.  Coates — has 
been  finely  bound,  probably  by  Charles  Mearne. 
Hugh,  first  Earl  of  Cholmondeley,  succeeded 
his  father,  Viscount  Cholmondeley,  in  168 1. 
Objecting  to  the  arbitrary  measures  of  James  II., 
he  was  soon  honoured  by  William  and  Mary, 
who,  in  1689,  created  him  Lord  Cholmondeley 
of  Nantwich.  In  1706  Queen  Anne  made  him 
Viscount  Malpas  and  Earl  of  Cholmondeley. 
Later  he  held  the  appointments  of  Comptroller 
and   Treasurer    of    Her   Majesty's    household. 


46   •  BOOKPLATES 

The  book  has  underneath  one  another,  both 
in  old  but  different  hands,  two  signatures — 
"Elizabeth  Cholmondeley. "  It  has  also  an 
inscription — "Wm.  Lemon,  1855";  and  since 
then  it  has  travelled  far,  as  it  has  twice  in- 
scribed on  it  "  W.  A.  Rebello,  Sylvan  Lodge, 
Simla.      October,  1864." 

"John  Stansfeld,"  an  armorial  plate  with 
mantling'.  The  arms  are  sable,  three  goats 
trippant  argent.  Crest  a  demi-lion  rampant 
argent.  An  ancient  family  settled  in  Yorkshire 
at  the  Conquest.  This  modern  plate  is  in  a 
fine  copy,  belonging  to  Mr.  E.  F.  Coates,  of 
The  Yorkshire  Library,  by  William  Boyne,  1869. 
I  think  that  this  John  Stansfeld,  Esq.,  was  a 
collector  of  fine  books,  and  especially  about 
Yorkshire. 

A  nice  plate  here  illustrated  is  that  of 
Prescott  Pepper. 

A  plate  with  good  mantling  is  that  of  "James 
Loch  of  Drylaw."  Given  by  Burke  as  arms  or, 
a  saltire  engraded  sable,  between  two  swans 
naiant  in  fesse  proper.  Crest,  a  swan  with 
wings  endorsed,  devouring  a  perch,  both  proper. 
Motto,  "  Assiduate  non  desidia. "  This  is  in  a 
copy  of  A  Short  Introduction  to  Moral  Philosophy 
.  .  .  Glasgow,  Printed  by  Robert  &  Andrew 
Foulis,  printers  to  the  University.    1764.    James 


BOOKPLATES  WITH  MANTLING    47 

Loch  of  Drylaw,  born  in  161 2,  was  treasurer  of 
Edinburgh,  and  in  185 1  his  descendant  was 
James  Loch  of  Drylaw,  m.p.  ,  son  of  George 
Loch  of  Drylaw,  and  his  wife  a  daughter  of 
John  Adam  of  Blair  Adam.  The  arms  were 
confirmed  in  1673  by  Sir  Charles  Erskine  of 
Cambo,  Knight,  Lyon  King-of-Arms. 

"William  Pitt  of  Binfield,  Berks  Esqr— " 
here  reproduced,  has  very  full  mantling  and  no 
crest,  unless  the  Satyr-looking  head  in  the  top 
of  the  mantling  be  meant  for  a  crest.  This 
plate  is  taken  from  a  copy  of  a  1648  edition  of 
Eikon  B  a  si  like. 

A  good  Scotch  ex  libris  with  mantling,  and 
engraved  by  Lizars,  is  that  of  "Brown  of 
Waterhaughs,"  evidently  connected  with  some 
scion  of  the  clan  Campbell.  The  crest  is  a  lion 
holding  a  fleur-de-lis.  The  motto  is  "Tandem 
licet  sero. "  This  is  in  a  copy  of  a  scarce  little 
volume,  Baxter's  Anaereon  —  "  Londini  Augusta? 
Imprimetatur  Impensis  Matthagi  Hawkins,  pro- 
statque  venalis  ad  Angelum  in  Area  Paulina." 
1710.  The  "errata"  note  at  the  end  contains 
some  facetious  expressions — in  English  thus  : 
"Correct  if  you  please,  friendly  reader,  those 
heavy  printers  errors,  which  were  printed  when 
we  were  off  our  guard,  and  fell  out  when  we 
were  intent  on  blackberries." 


48  BOOKPLATES 

A  plate  with  fine  mantling  is  that  of  Richard 
Boycott.  It  is  altogether  a  good  plate.  In  an 
ornamental  frame  below  the  shield  of  arms  is 
the  engraved  inscription  :  "  Pro  Rege  et  Re- 
ligione/ Richard  Boycott." 

Gules,  on  a  chief  argent,  three  grenadoes 
proper,  and  the  motto,  "Pro  Rege  et  Religione," 
are  of  peculiar  interest.  These  arms  were 
granted  by  Charles  II.,  in  1663,  to  Sylvanus 
Boycott  of  Hinton,  and  Francis  Boycott  of 
Byldwas,  sons  of  William  Boycott  of  Byldwas. 
The  father  had  furnished  Charles  I.  with  grena- 
does and  other  supplies.  The  sons  had  aided 
Charles  II.  when  a  fugitive  wanderer.  The 
family  claim  to  descend  from  the  ancient 
Norman  house  of  Bygod.  This  worthy  plate 
is  in  a  rich  red  morocco  bound  copy  of  Sermons, 
by  George  Stanhope,  d.d.  ,  preached  at  the 
Boyle  Lectures  in  1701. 

A  bookplate  with  rather  curious  mantling  is 
that  of  "  Rowland  W.  D.  Collett."  The  arms 
seem  to  be  intended  for  those  borne  by  Collett, 
who  was  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  i486, — 
Sable,  on  a  chevron  between  three  hinds  trippant 
argent,  as  many  annulets  of  the  first.  The 
motto  is  "  virtutis  praemium  honor." 

An  armorial  plate  with  heavy  mantling — 
"Thomas    Maitland,    Dundrennan."      Burke's 


BOOKPLATES  WITH  MANTLING    49 

Armorial  gives  quarterly,  first  and  fourth  or,  a 
lion  rampant,  dechausse,  within  a  bordure  em- 
battled gules  ;  second  and  third  argent,  the  ruins 
of  an  old  abbey  on  a  mound  proper.  Crest  a 
demi-monk  vested  grey,  holding  in  the  dexter 
hand  a  crucifix  argent,  in  the  sinister  a  rosary 
proper.     The  motto  is  "  Esse  quam  videri." 

In  the  same  volume,  the  round  armorial  plate 
"  Johannis  Whitefoord  Mackenzie  Armigeri." 

It  is  most  fitting  that  the  book  holding  these 
Scottish  bookplates  is  a  fine  copy  of  the  first 
edition  of  the  great  Montrose's  Book,  the  book 
which  the  canting  Covenanters  hung  round  that 
hero's  neck  as  he  proudly  trod  the  bloody 
scaffold.  It  is  clothed  in  fine  contemporary 
morocco,   richly  gilt. 

A  modern  bookplate  with  nice  mantling  is 
that  of  "Charles  Lilburn. "  The  family  hails 
from  the  county  of  Durham.  The  arms  argent, 
three  water-bougets  sable.  Crest,  a  dexter  arm 
in  armour  proper,  holding  a  truncheon  or.  The 
motto  is  "  Vis  viri  fragilis." 

This  is  in  a  copy  of  Montrose  Redivivus,  or 
the  Portraicture  of  James,  late  Marquess  of 
Montrose,  .  .  .  London  :  Printed  for  Jo.  Ridley 
at  the  Castle  in  Fleet  Street,  neer  Ram-alley, 
1652.  The  water-bouget  was  a  mediaeval  vessel 
for   carrying    water,    and    was    made    of    two 

E 


50  BOOKPLATES 

leather  pouches  appended  to  a  yoke  or  cross- 
bar. 
The   "  1  hunpson  "  plate   is,   in   its  way,  as 

good  a  bookplate  as  one  need  wish  to  see. 
The  clearly  cut  mantling  is  tastefully  decked 
with  light  sprig's  of  evergreen.  The  arms  are 
argent,  three  hemp-brakes  sable.  The  crest  is 
out  of  a  mural  crown  argent,  a  greyhound's 
head  sable  collared  of  the  first,  rimmed  or. 
Motto  :   "  Nunc  aut  nunquam." 

Thomas  Hampson,  the  son  of  Sir  Robert 
Hampson,  Knight,  and  Alderman  of  the  City  of 
London,  was  created  a  baronet  on  June  3rd, 
1642.  He  died  in  1655,  leaving  four  sons  and 
five  daughters. 

The  hempbrake,  or  hackle,  was  an  instrument 
used  for  bruising  hemp. 

The  royal  plate  of  Charles  I.  needs  some 
explanation,  as  it  is  not  a  bookplate.  It  occu- 
pies the  first  leaf  in  the  full-sized  octavo  issues 
in  1649  °f  Eikon  Basilike.  In  photographing 
the  Throckmorton  bookplate  the  photographer, 
seeing  this  also  at  the  beginning  of  the  book, 
not  unnaturally  thought  that  it  was  a  book- 
plate, and  to  be  illustrated.  This  need  not  be 
regretted.  It  is  a  characteristic  copy  of  an 
Eikon.  The  surrounding  lines  are  old  red  ink, 
and  the  old  ownership  signature — 


BOOKPLATES  WITH  MANTLING     51 

"  Fra:  Vaughan" 

"  :  1656  :  " 

is    as    true   and    perfect    an    ex   libris    as    the 

finest   draughtsman   and   engraver  could   ever 

produce. 

The  very  fine  armorial  plate  of  Sir  Robert 
Throckmorton,  Bart.  —  "Virtus  sola  nobilitas  " 
— is  here  reproduced  from  the  above-named 
1649  copy  of  Eikon  Basilike. 

The  armorial  plate,  with  supporters,  of  Sir 
James  Stewart  Denholm,  Bart.,  of  Coltness 
and  Westshiel,  is  here  illustrated. 

I  do  not  know  the  history  of  the  plate  with 
the  two  oval  shields  here  illustrated.  The 
motto,  "Mors  sola  resolvit,"  seems  rather  to 
suggest  a  funeral  hatchment. 

The  illustration  here  given  of  the  plate  of 
"Tho\  Beckwith.  of  York  Painter  &  F.A.S." 
is,  of  course,  a  piece  of  his  own  workmanship, 
and  is  inserted  in  a  small,  thick  volume  of 
manuscript  genealogies,  no  doubt  the  work 
of  T.  Beckwith,  and  now  in  the  library  of 
Mr.  Edward  F.  Coates.  Thomas  Beckwith 
was  of  an  ancient,  if  not.  distinguished,  York- 
shire family.  He  was  born  at  Roth  well  in  1730, 
"and  served  his  time  to  George  Fleming,  an 
ingenious  man  and  house  painter,  from  whom 
he  acquired  his  skill  in  drawing  and  painting, 


52  BOOKPLATES 

and  imbibed  a  love  for  antiquities."  By  means 
of  liis  great  knowledge  of  genealogies  he  com- 
posed  manuscript  pedigrees  for  some  of  the 
Leading  families  of  the  North  of  England.  He 
was  not  only  an  unwearied  collector,  but  very 
generous  in  imparting  information.  He  died 
at  York  on  February  17th,  1786. 


favnfcr  &JP.AJS 


CHAPTER   VII 

SOME    SPECIMENS    INSERTED    IN    A    BOOK    KEPT    IN 
THE    BRITISH    MUSEUM    FOR    THAT    PURPOSE 

Some  bookplates  kindly  lent  by  Mr.  G.  F.  Barwick — 
Wrest  Park  plates — Sir  John  Lubbock. 

THE  following  are  all  in  a  small  collection 
of  ex  libris  in  a  book  kept  for  the  purpose 
in  the  British  Museum.  The  press  mark  is 
C  66  f3  :— 

"  Frhr.  v.  Barckhaus  Wiesenhi'itten  Biblio- 
theck"  is  the  inscription  on  the  ornamental 
bracket  of  an  elaborate  armorial  plate,  with 
two  most  amiable-looking  young  lions  holding 
up  the  shield. 

On  the  same  page  in  the  same  collection  is 
a  plate  of  somewhere  near  the  same  date,  and 
hardly  armorial.  The  form  of  the  plate  is,  for 
the  most  part,  a  representation  of  carved  stone- 
work. In  the  middle  is  a  sort  of  oval  shield, 
and  within  that  a  shield  with  a  figure  of  a  man 
with  a  child  on  one  shoulder.  Along  the  base 
of  the  structure  are  the  words  :  "Ex  libr  Chro 
TheopChristoff  Ulme."    A  few  books  are  stand- 


;j  BOOKPLATES 

Ing  on  the  ground  against  the  stonework,  and, 
as  oftens  happens  in  looking  at  such  plates,  one 
hopes  they  are  not  rare  books  or  in  interesting- 
bindings,  as  one  would  like  to  take  more  care 
of  them. 

In  the  same  collection  is  a  remarkable  plate 
giving  a  view  of  a  library  interior,  enclosed  in 
a  richly  decorated  oval  frame.  At  foot  the  in- 
scription :  "Ex  libris  d.  zach:  conr:  at  uffen- 
bach,  m.f. ",  and  above:  "  non  omnibus  idem 
est  quod  placet  petron  fragm."  At  the  very 
bottom,  in  tiniest  letters,  is  "J  U  Kraus  sculp." 

Johann  Ulrich  Kraus  was  born  at  Augsburg 
in  1645,  and  died  there  in  1719.  He  was  a 
pupil  of  Melchior  Kusel  ;  he  imitated  the  man- 
ner of  Sebastien  Le  Clerc  and  did  a  large 
amount  of  engraving  for  the  booksellers. 

A  handsome  plate  is  that  "Ex  Bibliotheca 
J.  S.  Ochs.  at  Ochsentein."  It  is  a  plate 
with  heavy  mantling  to  the  shield.  An  ox  is, 
of  course,  prominent  in  arms  and  crest.  "  P 
Feber  sc  "  is  in  the  corner.  There  is  another 
very  much  smaller,  but  almost  identical  plate. 

From  the  same  collection,  and  of  rather 
uncertain  date,  is  a  plate  subscribed:  "Ex 
bibliotheca  rosenbergiana."  A  rose  tree  is 
appropriately  prominent  in  arms  and  crest. 

Another    example   is    simply   a   Chippendale 


BRITISH  MUSEUM  SPECIMENS     55 

fancy  shell  frame  enclosing-  the  words  :  "  Ex 
supellectile  libraria  Bened:  Guil:  Zahnii." 

A  bookplate  very  roughly  engraved,  and  with 
some  very  curious -looking  heraldry,  is  that 
subscribed  "  malmendier.  =  de  malmedye,"  and 
"solum  forti  patria  est." 

There  is  a  circular  plate  with  a  Library  view, 
and  the  library  itself  is  evidently  circular,  the 
plate  being  engraved  "  Bibliotheca  regia  par- 
mensis. "  Apollo,  looking  very  cold,  stands  on 
a  pedestal  in  the  middle,  holding  his  garment 
instead  of  putting  it  on,  and  sitting  down 
quietly  to  read  the  books.  Round  the  upper 
part  is  inscribed  "  Apollini  palatino  sacram." 

An  armorial  plate  with  fine  mantling,  then  a 
helmet :  on  that  a  crown,  and  over  that,  for 
crest,  a  man  girdled,  holding  in  right  hand  a 
mallet,  and  in  left  a  flag.  Under  the  shield  is 
the  name  engraved:  "A.  W.  Schlegel  von 
Gottleben." 

Pasted  on  to  the  same  page  is  a  plain  small 
ex  libris — arms,  a  fleur-de-lis;  name,  "Franz 
Salmon  Wi'iss." 

Here  is  a  plate  which  appears  to  be  round. 
In  the  middle  is  placed  what  seems  to  be  meant 
for  a  tomb,  with  a  book  placed  open  at  the 
words  :  "  vita  lux  hominum  Joh  I  v  4."  Near, 
and   on  the  vault   is   enerraved  :    "  adhuc  stat 


BOOKPLATES 

terminus."      Round    the  outside  circle  of   the 
plate  is  engraved:  "lex  esl  non  poena  mort." 

Other  plates  of  interest  in  this  collection  are 
those  of  Christian  Gottlieb  Joher,  on  page  5, 
Godefrid  J.  F.  Thomas,  on  page  23,  and  on 
page  -7  a  plate  dated  1757. 

Mr.  Barwick's  plate  of  a  Baron  Bunsen  is, 
he  assures  me,  not  that  of  the  Baron  Bunsen 
so  familiar  to,  and  appreciated  by,  cultivated 
English  readers,  not  a  generation  ago.  The 
plate  is  nice,  as  any  approach  to  simplicity  is 
always  pleasing.  The  shield,  hung  from  the 
coronet  by  the  ribband  of  some  order,  is  not 
loaded  with  charges.  Dexter,  a  lion  between 
two  fleur-de-lis,  sinister,  three  heads  of  barley- 
corn. The  motto,  too,  is  reverential  and  in 
keeping:  "In  spe  et  silentio."  Below  all  is 
the  legend,  "  ex  libris  christiani  caroli  bunsen. 
Uratislaviae  ad  eadem  S.  Elis  Ecclesiastes." 
J.  B.  Stracchusky  Sc  Urat. 

Uratislavia  spells  Breslau,  but  very  curiously 
the  name  Uratislavia  seems  to  have  some  fitness 
on  a  bookplate  ;  as  in  Zedler's  wonderful 
Lexicon,  of  some  sixty-six  volumes,  it  is  re- 
corded of  Jacob  de  Uratislavia,  a  Benedictine 
monk  who  died  in  1480,  that  his  literary  labours 
were  so  vast  that  seven  powerful  steeds  could 
scarce  drag-  his  load  of  books. 


EX  LIBR1S 
CHRISTIAStt  CAROLI  BTOSEK 


BRITISH  MUSEUM  SPECIMENS     57 

Mr.  G.  F.  Barwick  has  lent  me  three  quite 
different  Wrest  Park  bookplates.  In  an  orna- 
mental frame,  which  forms  the  lower  part  of 
one,  is  engraved  "  Thomas  Philip,  Earl  de 
Grey,  Wrest  Park."  Two  fearful  -  looking 
dragons  support  the  shield,  or  rather  seem  bent 
on  devouring  the  shield  and  then  each  other. 
Above  is  an  earl's  coronet,  and  below  the 
motto,  "  Foy  est  tout." 

Thomas  Philip,  Earl  de  Grey,  was  born  in 
1 78 1,  and  was  the  elder  son  of  Thomas 
Robinson,  second  Baron  Grantham,  and  his 
wife  the  second  daughter  of  Philip  York,  second 
Earl  of  Hardwicke.  He  was  therefore  a  de- 
scendant of  Henry  Grey,  ninth  Earl  of  Kent. 
In  1833  his  maternal  aunt,  Amabel  Hume 
Campbell,  Countess  de  Grey  of  Wrest,  in 
Bedfordshire,  dying,  he  became  second  Earl 
de  Grey  and  Baron  Lucas  of  Crudwell,  Wilt- 
shire. From  1841  to  1844  he  was  Lord- 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  and  achieved  great 
success  in  his  administration  there.  In  1844 
he  was  made  a  Knight  of  the  Garter. 

The  second  of  these  plates  consists  of  two 
crests,  a  dragon  and  a  stag,  encircled  by  the 
garter.  Above  is  the  earl's  coronet,  and  over 
that  the  inscription  "Wrest  Park."  Neither 
of  the  other  plates  has  the  garter. 


58  BOOKPLATES 

In  what,  for  distinction,  may  be  called  the 
third  plate,  the  outspread  and  double-headed 
black  eagle  holding-  the  shield-of-arms  is  the 
most  prominent  object,  and  in  each  beak  it 
holds  what,  as  argent,  no  doubt  is  a  silver  coin, 
but  looks  rather  like  an  Osborne  biscuit. 

Mr.  Barwick  has  also  two  bookplates  of 
"Sir  John  William  Lubbock.  Bart."  Below 
the  shield  is  the  happy  motto  :  "  Auctor  pre- 
tiosa  facit."  John  William  Lubbock  was  born 
in  1803,  and  in  1840  succeeded  his  father  in  the 
baronetcy.  He  died  in  1865.  His  scientific 
tastes  and  cultivated  habits  were  just  such  as 
his  own  son,  Sir  John  Lubbock,  has  pursued 
happily  for  so  many  years,  in  the  knowledge 
of  many  now  living.  The  other  plate  is  evi- 
dently what  he  used  for  his  books  in  his  earlier 
years.  The  bloody  hand  of  Ulster  is  absent 
from  the  shield,  and  below  the  shield  is  simply 
the  monogram  "J.  W.  L." 

The  Sir  John  Frederick,  Bart.,  plate  of  Mr. 
Barwick's  is  quite  a  change  from  the  customary 
conventions.  The  shield  fills  a  very  small  part 
of  an  oblong  oval  frame.  The  arms  are  by 
Burke,  or  on  a  chief  azure,  three  doves  argent. 
Crest  on  a  chapeau  azure  turned-up  ermine,  a 
dove,  within  the  beak  an  olive  branch. 

Mr.    Barwick   has   two  ex  libris  of  Thomas 


BRITISH  MUSEUM  SPECIMENS     59 

James  Tatham,  Esq.,  a  gentleman  of  Bedford 
Place,  Russell  Square,  London,  and  a  third 
which  has  belonged  to  some  near  kindred.  It 
agrees  with  that  which  has  merely  the  crest, 
but  has  engraved  underneath:  "  T.  D.  F. 
Tatham."  His  chief  plate  has  dexter,  argent 
a  chevron  gules  between  three  swan's  necks, 
coupled  sable.  Sinister  are  presumably  his 
wife's  arms.  Crest  on  a  trumpet  or,  a  swan's 
wings  displayed  sable. 

Mr.  Carruthers  has,  with  great  kindness, 
contributed  the  following  in  reference  to  his 
interesting  bookplate  : — 

"The  notion  of  the  plate  was  to  introduce 
two  plants  named  by  botanists  after  me.  Many 
genera  of  plants  have  received  their  names  in 
this  way. 

"The  outside  plant  was  called  Carruthersia 
scandius  Seem,  by  Dr.  Seemann  in  his  Flora 
Vitiensis,  London,  1865-73.  I  described  the 
ferns  in  this  work  (pp.  331-378),  and  otherwise 
had  given  assistance.  The  plant  is  described 
on  pp.  155,  156,  and  figured  on  Table  XXX. 
Appended  to  the  description  of  the  genus  is  this 
note:  '  I  have  named  this  new  genus  in  honour 
of  my  esteemed  friend  William  Carruthers, 
Esq.,  f.z.s.,  of  the  Botanical  Department, 
British  Museum,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for 


Co  BOOKPLATES 

much  kind  assistance  in  working"  up  the  South 

Sea  Bora.1 

"The  inner  flower  was  named  by  Otto 
Kunze  Carruthia  Capensis,  O.K.  It  was 
originally  called  Aitonia  Capensis  by  Linnaeus 
the  younger,  but  a  different  plant  had  been 
previously  named  Aitonia.  Botanists  do  not 
allow  the  same  name  to  be  applied  to  different 
plants  that  are  widely  separated.  O.  Kunze 
wished  to  associate  the  plant  with  my  name, 
and,  following  an  example  set  by  Linnaeus,  he 
cut  off  the  last  syllable  and  formed  a  generic 
name  which  could  not  be  confounded  with 
Seemann's  generic  name.  This  arose  from  a 
curious  accident.  O.  Kunze  called  on  me  at 
the  Natural  History  Museum,  and  asked  me 
to  let  him  see  the  specimens  of  Aitonia.  I 
inquired  which  Aitonia,  and,  showing  him  a 
seal  I  was  wearing  which  belonged  to  Aiton, 
who  had  engraved  on  it  the  Cape  plant 
named  after  him,  I  asked  if  that  was  the 
plant.  He  exclaimed  '  How  strange !  that 
is  the  plant.'  I  showed  him  the  specimen 
that  the  younger  Linnaeus  had  named,  which 
was  in  the  Herbarium.  When  Kunze  pub- 
lished the  results  of  his  work  on  these  plants 
he  gave  it  the  name  Carruthia  Capensis. 
The  seal    was   oval,    and    the  drawing  in  the 


WlLUAM  CARRJJTHERS 


BRITISH  MUSEUM  SPECIMENS     61 

centre  is  taken  from  the  seal.  I  used  for 
separation  of  the  two  plants  an  ornamental 
border  of  an  early  Edinburgh  printer,  I  believe, 
for  I  got  it  in  the  binding  of  an  old  Edinburgh 
book.  And  the  motto  belongs  to  the  section 
of  the  Carruthers  tribe  to  which  we  belong. 

"The  drawing  was  made  by  W.  G.  Smith, 
f.z.s.,  a  good  botanist  and  an  excellent 
draughtsman." 


CHAPTER    VIII 

CHIPPENDALE    AND    CRESTPLATES 

William  Sharp  the  Engraver — The  Rev.  John  Watson — 
Edward  Trotter — Patrick  Colquhoun. 

THE  few  following-  bookplates  are  all  in 
the  manner  known  as  Chippendale:— 

The  Chippendale  bookplate  here  given,  with 
"  Wm.  Sharp  "  engraved  at  the  foot  of  it,  was 
one,  we  may  suppose,  engraved  by  William 
Sharp,  the  engraver,  for  himself.  He  was.  the 
son  of  a  gunmaker,  in  days  when  gun-barrels 
and  other  parts  of  guns  were  often  finely  en- 
graved. 

William  Sharp  was  born  in  1749,  anc*  died 
at  Chiswick  on  July  25th,  1824. 

Seeing  that  he  became  an  engraver  of  very 
great  skill  and  originality,  the  main  points  of 
his  life  are  well  worth  recording.  Born  in 
Haydon  Yard  in  the  Minories,  his  father  ap- 
prenticed him  to  Barak  Longmate,  an  engraver 
and  genealogist.  Out  of  his  indentures,  he 
62 


CHIPPENDALE  AND  CRESTPLATES   63 

soon  married  a  Frenchwoman,  and  set  up  in 
Bartholomew  Lane  as  a  writing-  engraver. 

About  1782  he  sold  this  business  and  mi- 
grated to  Vauxhall,  where  he  now  pursued 
the  higher  branches  of  his  art.  True  to  the 
prophet's  fate,  he  was  in  due  course  elected  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Imperial  Academy  at 
Vienna  and  of  the  Royal  Academy  at  Munich. 
In  early  days  he  had  been  a  friend  of  Thomas 
Paine  and  Home  Tooke,  and  was,  in  fact, 
examined  before  the  Privy  Council  on  treason- 
able charges,  but  soon  dismissed  as  a  harm- 
less enthusiast.  After  becoming  a  convert  to 
Swedenborg,  he  became  a  brave  upholder  of 
Joanna  Southcott,  and  was  the  very  last  of 
her  adherents  to  admit  the  reality  of  her 
death. 

A  good  Chippendale  plate  is  that  of  "The 
Rev.  John  Watson."  He  was  born  on  March 
26th,  1725,  at  Lyme  Handley  in  the  parish  of 
Prestbury,  Cheshire,  and  became  a  learned 
antiquary.  He  was  elected  F.S.A.  in  1759, 
and  contributed  six  papers  to  Archceologia.  In 
1775  appeared  his  best  -  known  work,  The 
History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Parish  of  Hali- 
fax, Yorkshire,  where  he  had  held  a  curacy 
from  1750  to  1754.  In  1782  he  brought  out 
two    fine    quarto    volumes,     Memoirs    of    the 


64  HOOK  PLATES 

Ancient  Earls  of  Warren  and  Surrey.     He  died 

at  Stockport  on  March  14th,  1783. 

A  good  Chippendale  bookplate  is  that  of 
"  Edward  Trotter,  A.M." 

In  the  Lyon  Register  the  arms  are  given  as 
of  Trotter  of  Gatchibraw,  in  Scotland,  argent 
a  chevron  gules  between  three  boars'  heads, 
couped  sable.     Crest  a  horse  trotting  proper. 

This  is  in  a  cop}'  of  Essay  sur  Vhistoire 
generate,  et  sur  les  mwurs  et  Vesprit  des  nations, 
depuis  Charlemagne  jusqiCa  nos  jours.     1756. 

A  pleasing  plate  of  late  Chippendale  style  is 
that  with  the  monogram  "J.  B.  W."  at  the 
foot.  On  the  title-page  of  the  book  "Six 
Discourses"  .  .  .  "Temple  Church"  .  .  . 
"Thomas  Sherlock  .  .  .  1725,"  is  the  auto- 
graph "J.  B.  Watkin."  Burke's  Armoury  gives 
azure  a  fesse  between  three  leopard  faces, 
jessant  de  lis  or. 

An  unpretending  little  Chippendale  book- 
plate, with  crest  only,  is  that  of  "  Patk. 
Colquhoun."  A  stag's  head,  with  above  it 
the  motto  "si  je  puis."  Patrick  Colquhoun, 
Minister  of  the  Hanse- towns,  was  born  at 
Dumbarton  on  March  14th,  1745,  and  died  at 
Westminster  on  April  25th,  1820. 

The  following  are  a  few  crest  bookplates 
named  together  : — 


®d?m?r/ 'tftttifefi 


CHIPPENDALE  AND  CRESTPLATES  65 

The  Marshall  crest,  a  man  in  armour  proper, 
holding-  in  the  dexter  hand  a  truncheon  or, 
forms  the  very  picturesque  modern  ex  Libris  of 
"F.  A.  Marshall."  The  motto  is  fitting: 
"  Nunquam  sedeo. "  This  in  a  collection  of 
Actes,  printed  by  Pynson  in  1512-1514,  "  con- 
cernynge — Archerye — Crossbows — Mummers," 
and  other  quaint  subjects. 

As  a  specimen  of  a  crest  bookplate  there  is 
the  "Beavan,"  which  is  simply  the  name 
Beavan  under  two  crests,  one  a  dove  with  out- 
spread wings  and  a  ring  in  its  beak,  the  other 
a  lion.  This  can  hardly  be  called  a  satisfactory 
plate.  It  is  in  a  volume  of  The  Edinburgh 
Review  of  1826. 

A  pretty  crestplate  is  that  of  "  Henry  St. 
Clair  Feilden." 

The  crest  is  a  nuthatch  feeding  on  a  hazel 
branch.  The  crest  is  enclosed  in  an  oval  belt 
inscribed  with  the  motto,  "  virtutis  prasmium 
honor."  This  plate  is  in  a  copy  of  Benjamin 
Thorpe's  History  of  England  under  the  Norman 
Kings.      Oxford,  1857. 

Another  crest  bookplate,  that  of  "Walter 
Farquhar. "  The  crest  is  an  eagle  rising, 
proper.  The  motto,  "mente  manuque."  This 
plate   is    in    a   copy  of   Sermons    preached   in 


BOOKPLATES 

the  Parish-Church  of  Olney,  ...  By  John 
Newton,  Curate  of  the  said  Parish   .   .    .    1767. 

A  good  crestplate  is  "John  Savill  Vaisey  "  \s, 
presumably  of  the  race  of  the  Viscounts  de 
Vesci.  The  crest  is  a  hand-in-armour,  holding 
a  laurel  branch,  all  proper.  Over  the  crest  is 
the  motto,  "sub  hoc  signo  vinces." 

"  Brownlow  William  Knox  " 's  bookplate  is 
simply  the  Knox  crest,  a  falcon  close  on  a 
perch,  all  proper.  It  is  in  a  copy  of  that 
work,  which  is  so  curious  to  study  now,  "  Cata- 
logue of  five  hundred  celebrated  authors  of 
great  Britain,  now  living;   .   .   .    London  1788." 

"  Burns,  Robert.  A  ploughman  in  the  county 
of  Ayr  in  the  kingdom  of  Scotland."  A  good 
simple  plate,  merely  a  crest,  below  that  a 
motto,  and  then  at  the  foot  of  all,  the  name, — 
is  the  ex  libris  of  "William  J  E  Bennett." 
The  crest  is  in  a  mural  crown,  or,  a  lion's  head, 
gules.  The  motto  is  "  de  bon  vouloir  servir  le 
roy." 

There  was  a  nice  bookplate  in  the  volumes 
of  the  first  work  which  I  ever  bought.  Don 
Esteban  was  the  title,  and  the  date  1825. 
I  was  thirteen  years  old,  and  bought  this  in 
an  auction  in  Mr.  A.  H.  Beesley's,  House 
Class-room,  in  that  fine  old  home  of  the 
Seymours,    then    and    now    a    part    of    Marl- 


CHIPPENDALE  AND  CRESTPLATES  67 

borough  College.  The  ex  libris  is  a  simple 
name,  crest,  and  motto:  "Champion,"  a  family 
belonging  to  Berkshire  and  Essex.  The  crest 
is  an  arm  embowed  and  erect,  in  armour 
proper,  garnished  or,  holding-  in  the  gauntlet 
a  chaplet  of  laurel,  vert.  Motto:  "  Vincit 
Veritas." 

Marlborough,  with  the  glorious  beech  avenues 
of  Savernake  Forest,  is  the  home  of  the  Ailes- 
burys,  and  in  this  connection  the  family  book- 
plate should  always  be  remembered,  with  its 
pathetic  motto  at  the  foot  of  it.  They  are 
Bruces,  and  the  motto  is  "  Fuimus." 

One  day  the  then  Marquis,  alighting  from 
his  carriage  and  pointing  to  the  motto  beneath 
the  arms,  asked  a  small  boy  to  translate  it. 

"  Fui,  I  was;  mus,  a  mouse,"  was  the  ready 
reply. 

No  Bruce  of  old  could  have  behaved  more 
honourably  than  the  Marquis  of  those  days, 
for  when  some  boys  had  worried  some  of  the 
deer,  and  Bradley  said  that  he  was  afraid  he 
would  have  to  put  the  forest  out  of  bounds, 
the  Marquis  replied  :  "  No  ;  Savernake  Forest 
shall  always  be  free  to  every  boy  of  Marl- 
borough College." 

A  modern  neat  ex  libris,  with  only  the  two 
family  crests  and  mottoes,  is  that  of  the  late 


68  BOOKPLATES 

Sir  "  Wroth  Acland  Lethbridge, "  Baronet. 
The  baronetcy  was  created  in  1804.  The  crests 
are  :  First,  out  of  a  mural  crown,  or,  a  demi- 
eagle  displayed  proper  ;  and  second,  out  of  a 
ducal  coronet,  two  arms  in  armour,  holding 
a  leopard's  face.  Mottoes:  "Truth"  and 
"  Spes  mea  in  Deo."  The  owner  of  this  plate 
was  born  in  183 1,  and,  after  serving  in  the 
Ritle  Brigade,  succeeded  his  father  as  fourth 
baronet  on  1st  March,  1873. 

A  pretty  crestplate  of  perhaps  about  1770  is 
the  ex  libris  of  "  Thos  W"1  Plummer."  The 
crest  is  a  bird's  head,  and  the  bird  seems  very 
properly  to  be  about  to  devour  a  plum.  The 
crest  is  framed  by  two  branches,  presumably 
of  plum  trees. 


CHAPTER   IX 

MODERN   BOOKPLATES 

Remarks  on  examples  given  in  The  Studio,  special  winter 
number,  1898-9. 

MODERN  bookplates  are  not  easy  to 
discuss  satisfactorily.  The  following- 
are  some  of  the  plates  which  were  named  or 
illustrated  in  The  Studio  special  winter  number, 
1898-9,  which  went  out  of  print  at  once.  Mr. 
Gleeson  White,  who  was  by  no  means  blind  to 
the  failing's  of  up-to-date  ex  libris,  wrote  this, 
and  gave  with  it  the  large  number  of  one 
hundred  and  forty-nine  illustrations. 

On  page  3  is  given  the  ex  libris,  "T.  Edmund 
Harvey,"  a  gruesome  jumble  of  sticks  and 
bones.  This  plate  is  by  Cyril  Goldie.  In  any 
comments  now  written  no  injurious  reflections 
are  intended  ;  as,  for  one  thing,  it  is  impracti- 
cable, and  probably  undesirable,  to  know 
whether,  and  in  what  proportions,  owner, 
artist,  or  manufacturer,  are  responsible.  Be- 
sides these  three,  there  is  a  fourth  and  oft- 
69 


BOOKPLATES 

predominating  partner  to  be  considered,  namely, 
fashion.  Probably  the  only  value  of  the  im- 
pressions here  written  is  that  they  are  formed 
by  one  who  is  an  entirely  independent  critic 
and  a  true  lover  of  beautiful  ex  libris.  The 
phrases  of  professionals  will  not  therefore  be 
expected. 

On  page  4  is  given  the  ex  libris  "  Eduard 
John  Margetson,"  by  W.  H.  Margetson.  This 
plate  seems  simple  and  pleasing  enough.  On 
the  other  hand,  it  is  not  exhilarating  to  find  in 
this  evidently  very  fair  sample  volume  no  less 
than  twenty-seven  bookplates,  each  depicting 
a  female  and  a  book. 

On  page  5  the  ex  libris  "  Richard  Trappes 
Lomax,"  by  Paul  Woodroffe,  is  very  refreshing 
to  look  upon.  It  has  all  the  familar  points  of 
a  bookplate,  in  that  it  is  armorial,  with  man- 
tling, and  flowery  foliage.  At  the  same  time 
the  plate  is  not  common,  crowded,  or  eccentric. 
Now,  on  the  other  hand,  turn  to  page  7, 
where  is  a  plate  "  From  among  the  books  of 
Fred.  W.  Brown."  In  this  there  is  doubt- 
less some  good  work,  but  in  looking  at  the 
plate  the  eye  and  brain  at  once  feel  tired  and 
bewildered  ;  you  seem  to  long  to  turn  from  a 
crowded  hotch-potch,  if  only,  it  might  be,  to 
stare  for  a  while  at  a  blank  barn  door. 


MODERN   BOOKPLATES  71 

On  page  9  are  three  plates  by  W.  R.  Weyer. 
These  are  distinctly  good  to  look  at ;  there 
seems  a  wholesome  taste  about  them  ;  there 
is  plenty  of  decoration,  without  any  attempt 
to  crowd  a  volume  of  emblems  and  a  market- 
gardener's  flower-show  into  two  inches  by  one 
and  a  half.  In  each  the  owner's  name  is 
clearly  given,  and,  of  course,  no  bookplate 
ought  to  want  this.  In  addition,  two  are  dated 
— that  of  Richard  Chapman,  1892,  and  Reginald 
Balfour's,  1898. 

On  page  12  is  a  distinctly  satisfactory  modern 
plate.  It  is  a  portrait-plate,  and  is  by  J.  W. 
Simpson,  for  himself.  He  has  depicted  him- 
self enjoying  a  long  clay  pipe.  Beneath  is  the 
simple  record  in  the  plainest  of  letters  :  "  J.  W. 
Simpson  His  Book." 

On  page  14  are  the  presumably  portrait- 
plates  of  "Mary  A.  Bridger "  and  "Julia 
Eustace,"  both  by  M.  E.  Thompson.  These 
may  be  pretty,  but  seem,  as  in  so  many 
modern  bookplates,  to  lack  simplicity. 

On  the  next  page  is  a  portrait-plate,  "  Edith 
E.  Waterlow,"  by  J.  Walter  West.  This, 
although  the  portrait  is  only  a  face  in  an  oval, 
and  outside  the  constant  florist's  paraphernalia, 
still  the  plate  has  some  saving  simplicity. 

On  page  16  is  what  seems  a  sensible  book- 


BOOKPLATES 

plate.  It  is  by  E.  H.  New,  for  Edward 
Morton,  and  seems  to  give  simply  a  view  of 
Edward  Morton's  home,  a  modern  house  built 
in  old  style,  and  named  Kingsclere. 

On  page  48  is  shown  a  plate  to  which  we 
would  gladly  give  the  palm  for  ugliness.  We 
suppose  it  is  meant  for  a  bookplate,  as  it  is 
given  in  this  volume,  and  the  words  ex  libris 
are  distinguishable  through  the  gloom. 

On  page  49  is  a  plate,  Aubrey  Beardsley, 
inscribed  ex  libris  "Olive  distance. "  It  is 
not  much  to  be  admired. 

On  pages  50  and  51,  where  we  are  among 
the  French  ex  libris,  may  be  seen  at  one  glance 
some  half-dozen  plates,  which  all  happen  to 
illustrate  what  is  a  marked  eyesore  in  many 
bookplates,  but  has  not  been  seriously  noticed. 
A  bookplate  is  naturally  designed  for  use  in  a 
book.  Now,  with  books  should  always  be 
associated  the  idea  of  something  to  be  valued 
and  taken  care  of.  How  does  this  agree  with 
the  plates  here  shown?  I  think  that  symbol- 
ism should  avoid  this  disturbing  element. 

There  is  water  to  drown  the  precious  volumes, 
and  there  are  beasts  to  devour  them.  In  one 
a  poor  disconsolate-looking  tome  is  shown 
trying  to  float  on  the  dark  cold  waters  of  the 


MODERN   BOOKPLATES  73 

deep,  and  as  if  that  were  not  a  sufficiently 
uncomfortable  position  for  a  book,  a  bird  seems 
to  be  flying"  down,  with  open  beak,  to  have 
a  peck  at  it.  In  another  cheerful  composition, 
an  angry  tiger  is  in  charge  of  the  library  of 
precious  volumes,  and  has  the  talons  of  one 
paw  on  a  beautiful  binding,  while  it  sticks  the 
talons  of  its  other  paw  into  the  leaves  of  an 
open  volume. 

In  a  third  plate,  a  wolf  is  in  a  library,  and,    • 
of  course,  behaving  there  as  a  wolf  would.     In 
yet  another  plate,  a  wolf  is  playing-  with  a  fine 
folio,   and  forming   altogether  as  incongruous 
a  picture  as  a  bull  in  a  china  shop. 

On  page  54  is  reproduced  a  plate,  by  L^on 
Lebegue.  This  may  be,  in  disguise,  a  lovely 
creation  of  modern  art  ;  but  the  ordinary 
observer  would  take  it  to  be  a  muddled  map 
of  everything  or  nothing,  and  would  not  paste 
it  inside  the  cover  of  any  book  he  or  she  hoped 
ever  to  open  again. 

As  another  painful  instance  of  bookplates 
exhibiting  books  in  the  very  last  position  any- 
one would  care  to  see  them  in,  on  page  56,  is 
shown  a  book  being  drowned  in  a  pond.  This 
is  by  Bracquemond. 

From  page  58  to  page  60  some  American 
ex  libris  are  pourtrayed.     Among  these  gene- 


74  BOOKPLATES 

rally  there  is,   as  should   be  where  books  are 

thought  of,  a  Feeling  of  rest  and  refinement. 

Between  pages  61  and  68  are  gi\  en  a  number 
of  plates  of  modern  German  ex  libris,  thanks, 
as  we  are  reminded,  to  the  inspiriting  influence 
of  Warnecke,  Leiningen-Westerburg,  Doepler, 
and  Hildebrandt.  Germany,  and  to  some  extent 
Austria,  too,  have  produced  some  very  original 
and  interesting  bookplates  within  the  last  few 
years. 

Illustrated  on  pages  61  and  65  are  two  plates 
which  should  surely  come  under  the  category 
of  the  error  of  associating  books  with  incon- 
gruous surroundings.  In  the  one,  by  Doepler 
for  the  Bibliothek  des  Koeniglichen  Kunst- 
gewerbe  Museums,  Berlin,  the  centre  repre- 
sents an  open  book — that  would  be  well  enough; 
but  the  leading  feature  of  the  plate  is  a  great, 
rough,  brawny  hand  holding  a  big  hammer 
and  pressing  on  the  open  volume. 

In  the  plate  on  page  65,  by  Sattler,  the 
design  pictures  a  human  skeleton  bearing  a 
pile  of  books. 

Between  pages  64  and  65  is  a  leaf  bearing 
three  pleasing  plates,  by  Paul  Voigt.  One  of 
the  three  is  apparently  for  his  own  books.  It 
depicts  a  room  with,  of  course,  some  very  old 
books,  and  the  most  prominent  is  in  a  position 


MODERN   BOOKPLATES  75 

which  would  break  the  back  of  a  modern 
book  ;  but  not  much  fault  need  be  found.  In 
those  good  times  books  were  not  bound  in  a 
day  or  for  a  day.  The  hides  were  well  chosen, 
well  seasoned,  and  good  workmanship  was  put 
into  the  binding. 

Facing  Paul  Voigt's  own  plate  is  a  good  plate 
by  him  for  W.  L.  Busse.  This  has  a  fine 
smell  of  the  sea  about  it.  Tossing  in  the 
frothy  deep  is  an  ancient  ship,  which  but  for 
masts  and  sails  might  be  a  nautilus  shell. 
Below  is  a  rugged  anchor,  and  around  all  a 
stout  cable  serves  to  frame  a  pleasing  picture. 

On  page  68  is  a  cleverly  designed  plate  by 
Joseph  Sattler.  There  is  an  altogether  pleasing 
absence  of  misty,  mystic,  mythological  allu- 
sions and  complications.  On  the  other  hand, 
an  hour-glass  indicates  the  sands  of  time,  and 
the  simple  word  "Jetzt"  (now)  points  a  simple 
moral,  irresistibly  apt  for  the  book -lover. 
There  is  no  pursuit  of  which  it  can  be  more 
truly  said — that  he  (the  book-collector)  who 
hesitates  is  lost. 


CHAPTER    X 

VARIOUS    BRITISH    BOOKPLATES 

The  proper  place  for  a  bookplate  is  in  a  book — Gordon  of 
Buthlaw — Spencer  Perceval — William  Wilberforce — A 
bookplate  for  a  special  purpose  —  George  Ormerod  — 
Robert  Surtees — Cathedral  plates. 

IN  the  pages  here  following-  are  recorded 
many  British  bookplates,  none  of  them 
very  early  ;  but  they  are  referred  to  here,  as, 
after  all,  this  book  must  chiefly  appeal  to 
readers  in  our  own  tongue. 

If  in  this  and  other  parts  of  this  book  the 
writer  be  thought  to  mention  too  much  of 
books  and  owners,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  to  the  writer  a  bookplate  is  first  of  interest 
as  connected  with  a  book,  and  a  book  is  of 
interest  for  its  subject  and  its  owner's  identity. 

Gordon  of  Buthlaw.  In  the  General  Armoury 
Gordon  of  Lessmoir,  Aberdeenshire,  is  de- 
scribed as  descended  from  William,  second 
son  of  John  Gordon  of  Scudargue,  Baronet, 
1625,  and  title  dormant  since  1839.  The  arms 
76 


'art/ 


^c<??z  f^Zjytcnefily-^Z^'val 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES     77 

are  given  as  azure,  a  fess  chequy  argent  and 
of  the  first,  between  three  boars'  heads  erased 
or.  Then  the  Gordon  of  Buthlaw  arms  are 
distinguished  from  Lessmoir,  with  a  mullet 
argent  in  chief  for  difference.  Crest  a  Doric 
pillar  or.  Motto:  "In  recto  decus."  This 
old  bookplate  here  given  is  in  a  lately  un- 
earthed contemporary  manuscript,  headed  : 
"  Observations  upon  the  arise  and  progresse 
of  the  late  Rebellions  against  King  Charles 
the  first :  In  so  far  as  they  were  carried  on 
by  a  male  contented  party  in  Scotland,  under 
the  pretext  of  Reformation."  This  is  really 
the  Memoirs  of  Henry  Guthry,  Bishop  of 
Dunkeld,  and  differs  in  some  points  from  the 
printed  version.  On  the  first  leaf,  down  the 
margin,  is  written  "Joannis  Gordonii  Buthla^i 
1 761." 

The  Perceval  arms,  given  by  Burke,  are 
argent  on  a  chief  indented  gules,  three  crosses 
pattee  of  the  field.  Crest  a  thistle  erect,  leaved 
proper. 

The  Wilson  arms  are  sable,  a  wolf  salient 
or  ;  in  chief  three  estoiles  of  the  last. 

Spencer  Perceval,  born  in  Audley  Square, 
London,  in  1762,  was  the  second  son  of  the 
second  Earl  of  Egmont.  At  only  ten  years  old 
he  was  sent  to  Harrow  School,  and  then   to 


,-s  BOOKPLATES 

Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  in  Decem- 
ber, 1 78 1,  he  graduated  M.A.  In  1790  he 
married  Jane,  second  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Spencer  Wilson,  and  then  had  six  sons  and  six 
(laughters.  Mr.  Spencer  Walpole,  son  of  the 
fourth  daughter,  wrote,  in  1S74,  a  full  biography 
of  Spencer  Perceval.  When  first  married 
Spencer  Perceval  and  his  wife  lived  in  lodgings 
in  Bedford  Row  ;  but  in  about  1793  they 
bought  a  good  house  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields, 
and  it  is  just  a  little  curious  that  I  bought  this 
book,  with  his  bookplate  in  it,  but  a  few 
yards  from  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  close  on  thirty 
years  ago.  Spencer  Perceval,  England's  Prime 
Minister  during  the  Peninusula  War,  was  shot 
dead  as  he  passed  through  the  lobby  to  the 
House  of  Commons  on  May  nth,  1812,  and 
Bellingham,  his  assassin,  was  hanged  a  week 
afterwards. 

The  ex  libris  here  reproduced  looked  at 
first  a  puzzle;  but  Mr.  Procter,  at  the  British 
Museum,  soon  read  the  riddle.  He  made 
it  an  Earl  of  Guildford,  and  then  it  was  very 
easy  sailing  for  me  to  come  to  anchor  at 
Frederick  North,  fifth  Earl  of  Guildford,  born 
7th  February,  1766,  Chancellor  of  the  University 
of  the  Ionian  Islands,  and  Knight  Grand  Cross 
of  the  Ionian  Order.      There  is  a  good  account 


Bilk 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    79 

of  him  by  J.  M.  Rigg  in  the  D.  N.  B.  At 
Oxford  he  became  an  accomplished  Grecian, 
and  an  enthusiastic  Philhellene.  In  1791,  on 
the  conclusion  of  the  peace  of  Galatz,  he 
evinced  his  accomplishment  in  classical  Greek 
by  a  scholarly  and  spirited  Pindaric  ode  in 
honour  of  the  Empress  Catherine. 

In  1814  he  was  elected  the  first  president  of 
a  society  for  the  promotion  of  culture,  founded 
at  Athens.  Later  he  was  active  in  the  formation 
of  the  British  Protectorate  over  the  Ionian 
Islands,  in  the  scheme  to  form  an  Ionian  Uni- 
versity. In  1824  the  University,  with  him  as 
Chancellor,  was  established  in  Corfu.  He 
lived  there,  spending-  money  on  the  University, 
and  giving  valuable  printed  books,  manuscripts, 
and  other  treasures  to  it. 

In  1827  his  state  of  health  caused  his  recall 
to  England.  As  a  child  he  had  been  exceed- 
ingly delicate.  In  England  he  still  wore 
constantly  the  classical  costume,  which  had 
been  adopted  as  the  academic  dress.  He  died 
on  October  14th,  1827.  "  He  was  a  brilliant 
conversationalist,  and  .  .  .  wrote  and  spoke 
German,  French,  Spanish,  Italian,  and  Romaic 
with  ease  ;  he  read  Russian,  and  throughout 
life  maintained  his  familiarity  with  the  classics 
unimpaired." 


So  BOOKPLATES 

The  next  surname  we  come  to  in  bookplates 
has  been  most  familiar  to  the  present  and  im- 
mediate past  generation,  in  the  person  of  Samuel 
Wilberforce,  Bishop  of  Oxford.  These  few  fol- 
lowing- remarks  are  from  private  recollections. 
In  the  power  of  getting-  through  a  day  of  hard 
labour,  of  mind  and  body,  he  was  unequalled, 
and  to  the  end  of  the  hard  day's  work,  with 
similar  laborious  days  preceding  and  following, 
he  could  display  a  marvellously  ready  wit.  One 
evening  at  a  dinner-party  at  Cuddesdon  Palace, 
the  two  lady  guests  on  each  side  of  the  Bishop 
were  suddenly  startled  by  the  crashing  fall  of  a 
pile  of  plates.  The  Bishop,  utterly  unmoved, 
instantly  remarked,  "  Oh,  it's  nothing;  it's  only 
the  coachman  going  out  with  the  brake."  It 
was  the  coachman,  and  the  brake  was  the  vehicle 
in  frequent  use.  He  would  do  some  hours'  work 
no  doubt  after  his  guests  had  retired,  and  do 
some  good  work  before  breakfast  the  next  morn- 
ing. At  Bisham  Abbey,  meeting  at  dinner  two 
irrepressible  spinsters  who  would  argue  of  ages, 
he  drily  remarked,  as  if  addressing  the  moon, 
the  extraordinary  fact  in  nature,  that  ladies' 
ages  always  ran  thus:  i,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 
10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  18,  18,  18, 18,  18, 
19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  23,  23,  2^  23,  23,  and  so  on. 

The   bookplate    of    William    Wilberforce    is 


yniliam  rnuwrmre& 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    81 

from  a  fine  large  volume  all  in  manuscript, 
giving-  a  very  full  account  of  the  Yorkshire 
election  contest,  the  poll  opening"  on  20th  May, 
1807,  and  only  finally  closing  on  the  5th  June. 
This  volume  belongs  to  Mr.  Edward  Feetham 
Coates,  as  does  also  an  exquisite  volume  in 
pen-and-ink,  the  work  of  the  late  Dr.  Howard, 
who  has  taken  Glover's  visitation  of  Yorkshire, 
from  MSS.  Had.,  No.  1,394,  and  besides  draw- 
ing the  arms  most  exquisitely,  and  "  Wilber- 
forse  "  among  the  rest,  has  given  most  ample 
pedigrees  and  an  index.  Dr.  Howard  gives 
the  field  argent  and  the  eagle  sable ;  but 
otherwise  Old  Guillim's  account  of  Cotton 
would  nearly  hold  good  : — 

"The  field  is  sapphire,  an  eagle  displaied  ; 
Pearle,  Membred  Gules.  These  armes  apper- 
taine  to  the  Right  worthy  Sir  Robert  Cotten, 
of  Connington,  Knight,  a  learned  Antiquary, 
and  a  singular  fauorer  and  preseruer  of  all 
good  learning  and  antique  monuments.  The 
eagle  .  .  .  continually  practiseth  that  course 
of  life  whereunto  nature  hath  ordained  her  : 
.  .  .  her  sharpnesse  and  strength  of  sight  is 
much  commended  ;  and  it  is  a  greater  honour 
to  one  of  noble  offspring  to  be  wise  and  of 
sharpe  and  deepe  understanding,  then  to  be 
rich  or  powerfull,  or  great  by  birth." 
G 


82  BOOKPLATES 

William  Wilberforce,  the  owner  of  this  plate, 
was  bora  iii  the  High  Street,  Hull,  on  the 
24th  August,  1759,  and  came  of  a  family 
settled  at  Wilberfoss,  eight  miles  from  York, 
for  many  centuries.  The  election  which  this 
volume  above-named  commemorates  was  very 
remarkable.  Wilberforce  had  a  few  months 
earlier  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  his  Bill 
for  the  abolition  of  the  slave  trade  finally  passed 
into  law.  Lord  Milton  and  Mr.  Lascelles,  who 
had  been  Wilberforce's  colleagues  from  1796 
to  1806,  opposed  him.  A  subscription  of 
,£64,455  was  voluntarily  raised  to  pay  his 
expenses.  At  the  end  of  fifteen  days  he  had 
scored  11,806  votes  against  his  opponents' 
11,177  ar>d  10,989.  The  story  of  Miss  Wilber- 
force recognised  driving  through  York  at 
election  time  is  too  redolent  of  Wilberforce's 
ready  humour  and  Yorkshire  heartiness  to  be 
forgotten.  The  crowd  welcomed  her  with  the 
cry:  "Miss  Wilberforce  for  ever!"  She 
rejoined:  "Not  Miss  Wilberforce  for  ever, 
thank  you !  " 

A  fine  plate  is  the  circular  armorial  ex  Ubris 
of  "Charles,  Marquis  of  Northampton."  The 
owner  of  this  plate  came  of  a  noble  house, 
worthy,  indeed,  of  a  fine  bookplate.  A  few 
notes  about  his  forefathers  may  be  recorded. 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    83 

Edmund  de  Compton's  son,  Sir  William 
Compton,  Knight,  was  employed  about  the 
household  of  bluff  Harry  the  Eighth  when 
Duke  of  York,  and  thus  winning  his  con- 
fidence, became  the  king's  companion  in 
tournaments.  Sir  William  held  high  offices 
under  the  king,  and  fought  with  great  bravery 
in  the  Battle  of  Spurs.  He  died  in  1528, 
leaving  one  son  to  succeed  him,  who  again 
left  a  son,  Sir  Henry  Compton,  Knight,  who, 
in  1572,  was  summoned  to  Parliament  as  Baron 
Compton  of  Compton.  He  married  first  a 
daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  and 
secondly  a  daughter  of  Sir  John  Spencer  of 
Althorp.  By  his  first  wife  he  left  a  son, 
William,  who  inherited  the  title,  and  was  in 
1618  created  Earl  of  Northampton  and  installed 
Knight  of  the  Garter.  A  letter  bearing  date 
2nd  July,  1630,  tells  of  his  death:  "Yesterday 
se'nnight  the  Earl  of  Northampton,  lord  presi- 
dent of  Wales,  after  he  had  waited  on  the 
king  at  supper  and  had  also  supped,  went  into 
a  boat,  with  others,  to  wash  himself  in  the 
Thames  ;  and  so  soon  as  his  legs  were  in 
the  water  but  to  his  knees,  he  had  the  colic, 
and  cried  out — Have  me  into  the  boat  again, 
for  I  am  a  dead  man."  His  son,  Spencer 
Compton,   the   second   Earl   of   Northampton, 


84  BOOKPLATES 

risked  and  gave  ;ill  for  his  sovereign's  cause. 
On  March  19th,  1643,  ^e  marched  his  men  out 
of  Stafford  and  fought  the  Parliament  forces 
on  Hopton  Heath.  Although  he  had  so  few 
troops  he  routed  the  enemy's  cavalry  and  took 
from  them  eight  guns;  but  their  infantry  stood 
firm,  and  finally  he  was  himself  killed,  proudly 
refusing  to  surrender  to  base  rogues  and  rebels. 
He  left  three  sons  to  nobly  emulate,  as  brave 
cavaliers,  their  father's  loyalty  and  valour. 
The  second  of  them  was  at  Edgehill  and 
Hopton  Heath  ;  and  later,  after  engaging  in 
many  fights,  he,  disguised  and  with  only  six 
men,  surprised  Beeston  Castle  in  Cheshire,  cut 
down  the  drawbridge,  seized  the  governor's 
troop-horse,  and  took  thirty  soldiers  prisoners 
in  their  beds. 

There  is  also  a  Northampton  monogram 
bookplate.  Above  is  an  earl's  coronet,  and 
below  a  vast  "N,"  with  the  name  "Castle 
Ashby "  engraved  across  it.  In  1695  King 
William  III.  visited  the  Earl  of  Northampton 
at  Castle  Ashby. 

The  following  is  an  instance  of  a  bookplate 
printed  for  a  special  purpose.  The  block 
measures  about  five  inches  by  two  and  a 
quarter,  and  represents  an  ornamental  frame 
enclosing  the  following  printed  inscription  : — 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    85 

"  Daily  take  Care  to  spend  your  Time  and  Breath 
In  right  preparing-  for  the  Hour  of  Death. 

So  wish'd  your  deceas'd  Friend, 

S.  Moore." 

It  suits  the  size  of  the  book  into  which  it  is 
pasted  in  its  proper  place  inside  the  front 
cover.  On  the  last  page  of  the  book  is  printed 
a  list  of  "  Some  Books  proper  to  be  given  at 
Funerals,"  and  lower  down  the  page,  as  a 
good  catalogue  note:  "We  may  say  of  a 
Book,  given  at  Funerals,  what  the  Divine 
Herbert  says  of  a  Verse.  A  Book  may  find 
him  who  a  Sermon  flies,  and  turn  a  Gift  into 
a  Sacrifice." 

The  leaf  before  the  title-leaf  is  engraved 
with  the  tomb  of  the  author:  "Edward 
Pearse,  a  servant  of  Jesus  Christ.  Obiit 
1673:  ^tat  40."  The  title  reads:  "The 
Great  Concern  :  or,  a  Serious  Warning  to  a 
timely  and  Thorough  Preparation  for  Death 
with  Helps  and  Directions  in  Order  thereunto. 
By  Edward  Pearse.  John  ix.  4.  .  .  .  Recom- 
mended as  proper  to  be  Given  at  Funerals. 
The  twenty-eight  Edition.  London  :  Printed 
for  R.  Robinson,  at  the  Golden  Lion  in  St. 
Paul's-Churchyard.     1735." 

The  author,  a  Nonconformist  Divine,  matric- 
ulated as  a  servitor  from  St.  John's  College, 


86  BOOKPLATES 

Oxford,  in  i(\s~i  and  graduated  B.A.  on  27th 
June,  [654.  In  June,  1  <>57,  he  was  appointed 
Morning  Preacher  at  St.  Margaret's,  West- 
minster. The  Great  Concern  was  reprinted 
as  lately   as    1840. 

A  good  characteristic  English,  or  shall  we 
say  Welsh,  plate  is  that  of  "Morgan  Thomas," 
"Palmer  sculpsit,"  with  a  floral-wreath  decora- 
tion. The  arms  were  granted  8th  September, 
1768,  to  Thomas  of  Lettymaur,  in  Carmarthen- 
shire. Rees  Thomas  of  Lettymaur  died  in  1759, 
leaving  three  sons,  one  of  whom  was  Morgan 
Thomas  of  Llanon,  in  the  parish  of  Lettymaur. 
He,  in  1768,  married  Frances,  the  only  child  of 
Henry  Goring,  of  Frodley  Hall,  Staffordshire. 
Their  grandson  was  Rees  Goring  Thomas  of 
Llanon,  and  of  Tooting,  Surrey,  who  was 
High  Sheriff  of  Carmarthenshire  in  1830. 
This  family,  besides  having  a  wreath  in  their 
crest  and  flowers  round  their  shield,  perhaps 
had  fine  tastes,  as  the  book  in  which  I  have 
this  Morgan  Thomas  plate  is  a  very  beautiful 
piece  of  English  dated  binding.  It  is  a  1660 
— Henry  Hills  and  John  Field — Bible,  bound 
in  black  morocco,  beautifully  blindtooled  in 
Mearne  style,  and  with  initials  "  M.  M."  and 
date  "1673"  m  tne  niiddle  of  each  cover.  The 
four  outside  corners  of  the  binding  are  covered 


^ 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    87 

with  silver  oa  which  are  engraved  flowers 
similar  to  those  designed  on  the  leather. 

The  bookplate  over  the  inscription — "The 
Revd  John  Constable,  Ringmer  " — is  simply  a 
ship  in  full  sail,  and  this  is  the  crest  of  one  of 
the  families  of  Constable.  This  plate  is  in  a 
copy  of  Parson's — His  Christian  Directory. 
London,  1754.  The  volume  also  contains  the 
autograph  "William  Constable."  It  so  hap- 
pens that  another  crest  borne  by  the  Constables 
was  a  dragon's  head,  and  this  may  be  seen  on 
the  bookplate  of  William  Constable,  f.r.s.  and 
f.s.a.,  pasted  into  an  old  volume  of  manuscript 
escheats  and  inquiries  in  the  county  of  York, 
which  belongs  to  Mr.  E.  F.  Coates,  and  is 
probably  one  of  the  Dodsworth  volumes,  which 
posterity  owes  to  the  thoughtfulness  of  the 
great  Lord  Fairfax,  who,  when  war  was  raging 
and  devastation  threatening,  had  copies  made 
of  many  old  manuscripts  for  fear  that  the 
originals  might  be  lost. 

It  always  adds  to  the  interest  when  there  is 
the  owner's  signature  to  his  own  bookplate. 
This  is  the  case  with  a  volume  of  a  small 
topographical  work.  The  bookplate  represents 
the  arms  and  crest  of  the  famous  clan  Macin- 
tosh, with  "C.  C.  M."  below,  probably  standing 
for  Charles  Calder  Macintosh.    The  owner  and 


ss  BOOKPLATES 

donor  has  made  it  read,  "  From  C.  C.  Macin- 
tosh to  Charles  Forbes.  Bombay,  17th  April, 
1811."  This  would,  of  course,  be  Sir  Charles 
Forbes,  of  Indian  fame. 

The  arms  of  the  ancient  clan  Macintosh  are  : 
Quarterly,  first,  or,  a  lion  rampant  gules;  second, 
argent,  a  dexter  hand  fesseways,  couped  at  the 
wrist,  and  holding-  a  human  heart  gules ;  third, 
azure,  a  boar's  head  couped,  or  ;  fourth,  or,  a 
lymphad  sable,  surmounted  by  two  oars  in 
saltire,  gules.  Crest  a  cat-a-mountain  salient 
guardant  proper.  Over  the  crest  the  motto  : 
"Touch  not  the  cat,  but  a  glove."  The  charge 
or,  a  lion  rampant  gules,  is  on  account  of  the 
descent  from  MacDuff.  The  third,  azure,  a 
boar's  head  couped,  or,  is  for  Gordon  of  Loch- 
invar.  The  fourth,  a  lymphad,  oars  erect  in 
saltire,  sable,  is  for  Clan  Chattan.  The  lion 
rampant  of  the  ancient  MacDuffs  may  be  well 
accounted  for,  as  King  Malcolm  III.  gave  to 
MacDuff  and  his  descendants  the  privileges  of 
leading  the  van  of  the  Scottish  army  whenever 
the  royal  standard  was  unfurled,  and  of  placing 
the  crown  on  the  heads  of  the  kings  at  their 
coronation. 

George  Ormerod,  well  known  as  the  historian 
of  Cheshire,  was  the  only  son  of  George 
Ormerod   of   Bury,   Lancashire,   and    his    wife 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    89 

Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Johnson  of 
Tyldesley,  and  was  born  in  High  Street,  Man- 
chester, 20th  October,  1785. 

In  1803  Ormerod  matriculated  from  Brasenose 
College,  Oxford.  In  1807  he  received  the  hono- 
rary degree  of  M.A.,  and  in  1818  was  made 
a  D.C.L.  Becoming  the  owner  of  Sedbury 
Park  on  the  beautiful  peninsula  of  Beachley, 
between  the  Severn  and  the  Wye,  he  lived 
there  until  his  death  hi  1873,  at  nearly  ninety 
years  of  age.  In  1808  he  married  the  eldest 
daughter  of  John  Latham,  m.d.,  f.r.s.,  of 
Bradwall  Hall,  Cheshire.  His  library  was 
sold  in   1875. 

Arms  as  Ormerod  of  Ormerod  (or  three  bars 
and  a  lion  passant,  in  chief  gules),  quartering 
Johnson  of  Tyldesley,  Wareing  of  Walmersley, 
Crompton  of  Hacking  Hall,  and  Nuttall  of 
Walmersley.  Crest  a  wolf's  head  couped  at 
the  neck,  barry  of  four,  or  and  gules,  holding 
in  the  mouth  an  ostrich's  feather  erect  proper. 
This  plate  is  in  a  book,  the  fine  black  morocco 
gilt  binding  of  which  was  reproduced  by  Griggs 
for  the  Bibliography  of  Eikon  Basilike. 

In  May,  1893,  Sothebys  sold  the  Bateman 
Heirlooms,  the  valuable  library  of  Printed 
Books  and  Manuscripts  formed  by  the  late 
Mr.    W.    Bateman,   and    Mr.   T.    Bateman,  of 


90  BOOKPLATES 

Lomberdale  House,  Ybulgrave,  Derbyshire. 
rhe  books  had  been  well  cared  for,  and  some- 
times annotated  and  extra  illustrated.  Such 
was  the  case  with  the  copy  of  Reliquia  Sacra,, 
1651,  with  armorial  bookpile  bookplate:  "Wm. 
Bateman,  F.A.S.,  of  Middleton  by  Yolgrave  in 
the  County  of  Derby." 

Another  plate  is  armorial.  Burke  gives  the 
arms  as  or,  three  crescents,  within  the  horns 
of  each  an  estoile  gules*.  Crest  a  crescent  and 
estoile,  as  in  the  arms,  between  two  eagles' 
wings  or.      Motto:   "Sidus  ad  sit  amicum." 

William  Bateman,  of  Middleton-by-Youl- 
grave,  married  Mary,  daughter  of  James 
Crompton  of  Brightmet,  Lancashire.  He  died 
on  28th  August,  1861,  at  Lomberdale  House, 
near  Bakewell.  William  Bateman's  father  and 
grandfather  had  both  done  much  towards 
founding  the  family  library  and  museum. 

A  fine  plate  here  illustrated  is  that  of  the 
Duke  of  Beaufort,  from  a  fine  copy  of  the 
first  edition  of  Eikon  Basilike. 

Mr.  H.  B.  Wheatley,  of  Pepys  fame,  has 
kindly  written  me  the  following  notes  regard- 
ing Conduitt  bookplate  : — 

John  Conduitt  was  born  in  the  year  of  the 
Revolution,  and  was  at  Westminster  School 
in  1 701,  and  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  in 


1  HE    DUKE   OF    BEAUF0R1 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES  91 
1705.  He  was  M.P.  for  Whitchurch  1715-34, 
after  which  he  was  elected  for  Southampton. 
He  was  Master  of  the  Mint  1727-37.  He 
succeeded  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  but  previously  to 
the  death  of  Newton  he  relieved  him  of  his 
most  onerous  duties  for  some  years.  He 
married  Mrs.  Catherine  Barton,  Newton's 
niece,   on  20th  August,   17 17. 

"  His  only  daughter  married  Viscount 
Lymington,  son  of  the  first  Earl  of  Ports- 
mouth, which  accounts  for  the  fact  that 
Newton's  MSS.,  etc.,  are  in  the  possession 
of  the  Portsmouth  family  ;  also  the  magnifi- 
cent portrait  of  Newton  by  Kneller. 

"  Conduitt  wrote,  in  1730,  Observations  on  the 
Present  State  of  our  Gold  and  Silver  Coins, 
which  came  into  the  possession  of  Dean  Swift, 
and  after  remaining  many  years  in  MS.  was 
published  in  1774.  Jevons  praised  the  work 
very  highly. 

"Conduitt  was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
close  by  Newton's  grave. 

"There  is  a  scandal  connected  with  Mrs. 
Catherine  Barton  which  biographers  of  Newton 
have  generally  agreed  to  ignore.  She  is  known 
to  have  kept  house  for  Charles  Montague,  Earl 
of  Halifax  (who  died  in  May,  1715),  and  is 
generally    spoken    of   as    his    mistress    by   the 


BOOKPLATES 

gossips  of  the  day.  Augustus  dc  Morgan 
wrote  a  book  on  the  subject,  which  was  pub- 
lished after  his  death,  and  entitled,  Newton, 
his  Friend,  i///</  his  Niece.  1885.  In  this 
De  Morgan  argued  for  the  opinion  which  he 
had  formed  that  Lord  Halifax  (who  died  May, 
1 715 )  married  Mrs.  Barton  privately  about 
April,  1706.  He  made  out  a  fair  case,  but 
he  could  obtain  no  actual  evidence,  and  when 
Mrs.  Barton  married  Conduitt  she  was  de- 
scribed as  a  spinster." 

Of  his  own  bookplate,  here  reproduced, 
Mr.  Henry  B.  Wheatley,  f.s.a.,  kindly  writes 
to  me  :— 

11  I  gave  Hamilton  an  account  of  its  origin, 
which  he  printed  in  the  little  book  on  members 
of  the  Society  of  Odd  Volumes.  The  room 
represented  was  on  the  back  first  floor  of  the 
house  in  Caroline  Street,  Bedford  Square, 
which  had  been  built  out  for  John  Philip  Kemble 
to  accommodate  his  fine  collection  of  plays,  now 
in  the  library  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire.  I 
used  the  room  as  my  library  during  the  six 
years  I  lived  in  the  house,  and  a  very  pleasant 
room  it  was,  looking  out  upon  trees  which 
occupied  an  open  space  between  Caroline  and 
Charlotte  Streets.  It,  with  other  houses,  was 
pulled  down  soon  after  I  left  in   1889,  and  the 


JAMES   RAIKE 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    93 

Bedford  Mansions  have  been  built  on  the  site. 
Kemble  lived  in  the  house  from  1787  (when  he 
married)  to  1799,  when  he  removed  to  a  larger 
house  in  Great  Russell  Street." 

A  good  plate  is  the  ex  libris  of  Robert 
Surtees  of  Mainsforth,  the  well-known  anti- 
quary and  topographer.  It  was  drawn  by 
himself,  and  engraved  by  Samuel  John  Neele, 
who  was  born  in  1758  and  died  in  1824. 
Surtees  was  born  in  the  South  Bailey  of  the 
ancient  city  of  Durham  in  1779.  On  28th 
October,  1796,  he  matriculated  from  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  and  took  his  M.A.  in  1803. 
His  father  had  just  died,  so  he  now  settled  at 
Mainsforth,  the  family  home.  As  an  under- 
graduate at  Oxford  he  was  already  planning 
to  record  the  history  of  his  native  shire. 

Settled  at  Mainsforth,  he  used  to  drive  about 
the  county  with  a  groom  ;  and  his  friend  and 
kindred  spirit,  James  Raine,  whose  plate  I 
give  from  a  book  kindly  lent  me  by  the  Rev. 
Prebendary  Deedes,  has  recorded  the  groom's 
testimony  that  it  was  "weary  work,  for  Master 
always  stopped  the  gig,  and  we  never  could 
get  past  an  auld  beelding."  Surtees  suffered 
from  constant  ill-health,  but  his  house  was 
always  open  to  scholars  and  antiquaries.  He 
died  at  Mainsforth  on  February  nth,  1834. 


94  BOOKPLATES 

This  plate  is  in  a  volume  of  two  tracts  one 
about  Marston  Moor,  1650.  On  the  inside  of 
the  end  cover  is  a  plate  in  the  Bewick  style: 
"  T.  Bell,  1 71 17,"  and  the  autograph  facsimile 
"Thomas  Bell."  This  is  no  doubt  the  book- 
plate of  Thomas  Bell,  the  antiquary,  born  at 
Newcastle-on-Tyne  in  1785.  He  died  in  his 
native  place  in  i860,  and  his  library,  rich  in 
antiquarian  lore,  printed  and  in  manuscript, 
was  sold  there  after  his  death. 

An  armorial  plate  of  the  palm-branch  man- 
ner is  that  of  "Thomas  Langton  "  in  a  book 
of  sermons  by  Richard  Hurd,  d.d. ,  1788.  As 
given  by  Burke,  the  crest  is  an  eagle  displayed 
with  two  heads,  vert,  charged  on  the  breast  with 
a  trefoil,  or.     The  motto  is  "  Loyal  au  mort." 

A  curious  succession  of  bookplates  con- 
nected one  with  another  is  shown  in  two 
volumes  before  me.  One  work  is  "Uiiuh'cice 
Picfa/fs ....  By  R.  A.  London  :  Printed  in 
the  year  1663."  The  other  is  a  book  as  far 
asunder  as  the  poles.  It  is  catalogued  "  Des 
Livres,  Estampes  &  Desseins,  du  Cabinet  .... 
Appartenent  Au  Baron  Tessin,  Marechal  de 
la  Cour  du  Roy  &  sur-intendent  de  Bati- 
ments  &  Jardins  Royaux  de  Suede.  .  .  . 
Stockholm,  1712." 

The  first  volume   has   three   bookplates,  all 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    95 

armorial.  First,  the  plate  of  Sir  William  Lee, 
Knight,  with  the  motto  "  verum  atque  decens." 
"Mutlow,  sculp.,  York  Street,  Covent  Garden." 
Then  a  smaller  and  different  plate,  but  by  the 
same  engraver,  and  with  the  same  arms,  crest, 
and  motto,  but  pertaining"  to  "William  Lee 
Antonie,  Esq'."  After  this,  again,  comes  the 
third  ex  libris  in  the  book,  and  this  is  without 
name  engraving,  but  is  evidently  Lee  quarter- 
ing Fiott. 

John  Fiott,  a  London  merchant  who  died  at 
Bath  in  1797,  married  Harriet,  second  daughter 
of  William  Lee,  of  Totteridge  Park,  Hert- 
fordshire. Their  son  John,  fifth  wrangler  at 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  in  1805,  and 
LL.D.  in  1816,  assumed,  in  1815,  by  royal 
licence,  the  name  of  Lee  under  the  will  of 
William  Lee  Antonie,  of  Colworth  House, 
Bedfordshire,  his  maternal  uncle.  At  the  same 
time  he  acquired  the  estates  of  Colworth  in 
Bedfordshire,  and  Totteridge  Park,  Hertford- 
shire. He  lived  eighty-four  years,  and  in  1863, 
at  the  age  of  eighty,  he  was  admitted  a  barrister 
of  Gray's  Inn.  Between  1807  and  1810  he  held 
a  travelling  bachelorship  from  Cambridge,  and 
made  a  learned  tour  through  the  Ionian  Isles 
and  other  parts.  In  1828  he  was  elected  a 
Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  and  he 


<j6  BOOKPLATES 

left  valuable  collections  to  the  Society.  He 
was  even  more  interested  in  science  than  in 
antiquities,  and  in  1830  built  an  observatory 
in  the  south  portico  of  Hart  well  House. 
Leaving  no  children,  his  property  passed  to 
his  brother,  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Fiott,  who  took 
the  surname  of  Lee.  The  Lee  crest  is  a  bear 
with  a  chain. 

Guillim  has  recorded  :  "  Hee  beareth  Sable, 
a  Beare  passant,  Argent.  .  .  .  The  Shee  Beare 
is  most  cruelly  imaged  against  any  that  shall 
hurt  her  yong,  or  dispoile  her  of  them  :  as 
the  Scripture  saith,  in  setting  forth  the  fierce 
anger  of  the  Lord,  that  he  will  meete  his 
aduersaries,  as  a  Beare  robbed  of  her  whelps. 
Which  teacheth  vs  how  carefull  Nature  would 
haue  vs  to  bee  of  the  welfare  of  our  children, 
sith  so  cruell  beasts  are  so  tender  harted  in 
this  kind." 

"Vindiciffi  Pietatis :  .  .  .  By  R.  A.  London: 
Printed  in  the  year,  1663."  The  author  of  this 
precious  volume  was  Richard  Alleine,  born 
in  161 1  at  Ditcheat,  in  Somersetshire.  In  1641 
he  became  Rector  of  Batcombe  in  the  same 
county.  The  Dictionary  of  National  Biography 
is  for  once  induced  to  warmly  clothe  the  dry 
skeleton,  with  which  it  has  usually  tried  to 
make  us  content.      "  For  twenty  years  Alleine 


^faln,  S%*&  &jt. 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    97 

remained  at  Batcombe,  and  was  idolized  by 
his  parishioners.  .  .  .  Vindiciae  Pietatis  .  .  . 
refused  license  by  Sheldon  .  .  .  was  published 
without  .  .  .  was  rapidly  bought  up  and  did 
much  to  mend  this  bad  world.  Roger  Norton, 
the  royal  printer,  caused  a  large  portion  of 
the  first  edition  to  be  seized  on  the  ground  of 
its  not  being  licensed,  and  to  be  sent  to  the 
royal  kitchen.  But,  glancing  over  its  pages, 
he  was  arrested  by  what  he  read,  and  on  second 
thoughts  it  seemed  to  him  a  sin  that  a  book  so 
holy  and  so  saleable  should  be  killed.  He 
therefore  bought  back  the  sheets,  says  Calamy, 
for  an  old  song,  bound  them,  and  sold  them  in 
his  own  shop." 

The  closing  lines  of  Vindicice  Pietatis  are  : 
"But  by  the  grace  of  God,  whilst  God  is  a 
God  of  holinesse,  whilst  holinesse  is  the  Image 
and  Interest  of  God,  whilst  these  words  of 
the  Lord,  Be  ye  holy,  follow  holinesse,  live 
righteously,  soberly,  and  godly  in  this  present 
world,  whilst  these  and  the  like  words  of  the 
Lord,  stand  unrepeal'd,  by  the  Grace  of  God, 
I  will  be  a  Friend,  an  Advocate,  a  Confessor,  a 
Practitioner  of  Holinesse  to  the  end  of  my 
days.  This  is  my  resolution,  and  in  this 
resolution  I  commit  myself  to  God,  and  so 
come  on  me  what  will." 

H 


98  BOOKPLATES 

So  much  for  ttie  fust  book  of  ihc  two.  The 
second — Baron  Tessin's  Catalogue — has  two 
ex  libris.  The  first  is  that  of  John  Fiott  before 
he  took  the  name  of  Lee.  It  is  the  plate  of 
"John  Fiott,  B.A'./  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, /  1806/."  The  plate  shows  a  globe 
floating  in  the  air,  with  the  Fiott  arms  en- 
graved on  it,  and  the  crest,  a  horse  coupe, 
over  it.  Of  course,  as  a  wrangler  he  could 
not  help  being  an  astronomer  ;  but  this  indicates 
his  early  taste  for  studying  the  heavens. 

Of  this  crest  Guillim  tells  us:— 

"A  horse  erected  boult  vpright  may  bee 
termed  enraged,  but  his  noblest  action  is 
expressed  in  a  saliant  forme.  This  of  all 
beasts  for  mans  vses,  is  the  most  noble  and 
behoofefull  either  in  Peace  or  Warre.  And 
sith  his  service  and  courage  in  the  Field  is  so 
eminent,  it  may  bee  maruelled  why  the  Lion 
should  be  esteemed  a  more  honourable  bearing. 
But  the  reason  is  because  the  horse's  seruice 
and  strength  is  principally  by  helpe  of  his 
Rider,  whereas  the  Lions  is  his  owne  :  and  if 
the  Horse  be  not  mounted,  he  fights  auerse 
turning  his  heeles  to  his  aduersary,  but  the 
Lion  encounters  affront,  which  is  more 
manly." 

The  Duke  of  Sussex  used  two  plates  amongst 


TMuaiufMl-  A 


THE    DUKK    OF    SUSSEX 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES    99 

his  books  in  Kensington  Palace,  one  "Perkins 
and  Heath.  Patent  Hardened  steel  plate." 
The  main  feature  of  this  plate  is  a  Knight  of 
the  Garter's  chain  forming  a  circle  enclosing  a 
lion  on  a  coronet  at  the  base  of  the  plate,  a 
helmet  on  one  side,  and  an  owl  on  the  other. 
The  other  plate  is  here  reproduced. 

A  pretty  armorial  plate  of  about  this  time, 
the  shield  resting  on  flowers,  and  a  palm  branch 
at  each  side,  is  the  ex  libris  of  "Charles  Gordon 
Esq1'  of  Beldorny  and  Wardhouse."  Below 
the  shield  is  engraved  a  ribbon,  but  without 
any  inscription.  The  motto  —  "in  hoc  spes 
mea "  —  is  fittingly  over  the  crest,  which  is 
described  as  a  cross  crosslet  fitchee.  The  arms 
of  Gordon  of  Beldorny  are  quarterly,  first  and 
fourth,  azure,  a  lion  rampant  argent  between 
three  boars'  heads  erased  of  the  second ;  second 
and  third,  azure,  three  boars'  heads  within  a 
bordure  engrailed  argent. 

Now  for  old  Scotland — "  Fraser  of  Lede- 
clune  "  ;  this  is  a  splendid  modern  ex  libris. 
This  plate  is  worthily  found  in  a  fine,  large- 
paper  copy  of  "poems  by  goldsmith  and 
parnell.  london  :  printed  by  W.  Bulmer  and 
co.  Shakspeare  Printing  Office,  Cleveland  row. 
1795".  "To  raise  the  art  of  Printing  in  this 
country  from  the  neglected  state  ...  to  com- 


ioo  BOOKPLATES 

bine  the  various  beauties  of  Printing",  Type- 
founding',  Engraving1,  and  Paper-making  ;  as 
well  with  a  view  to  ascertain  the  near  approach 
to  perfection  which  those  arts  have  attained  in 
this  country,  as  to  invite  a  fair  competition 
with  the  best  Typographical  Productions  of 
other  nations  .  .  .  The  whole  of  the  Types, 
.  .  .  are  executed  by  Mr.  William  Martin,  in 
the  house  of  my  friend  Mr.  George  Nicol,  whose 
unceasing  endeavours  to  improve  the  art  of 
Printing  &c.  .  .  .  The  ornaments  are  all  en- 
graved on  blocks  of  wood,  by  two  of  my 
earliest  acquaintances,  Messrs.  Bewicks,  of 
Newcastle  upon  Tyne  and  London,  ...  I  may 
venture  to  say,  without  being  supposed  to  be 
influenced  by  ancient  friendship,  that  they  form 
the  most  extraordinary  effort  of  the  art  of 
engraving  upon  wood,  that  ever  was  produced 
in  any  age,  or  any  country  ..."  Of  the 
paper  it  is  only  necessary  to  say  that  it  comes 
from  the  manufactory  of  Mr.  Whatman. 

Burke's  General  Armoury  gives  : — 

"Quarterly,  first  and  fourth,  azure,  a  bend  en- 
grailed between  three  cinquefoils  (or  frasiers), 
argent,  a  canton  gyronny  of  eight  or  and 
sable  ;  second  and  third,  argent,  three  antique 
crowns  gules  (the  latter  quartering  was  given 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES   101 

to  Sir  Simon  Frazer  for  having-  thrice  saved 
the  life  of  Robert  Bruce  at  the  battle  of 
Methven).  Crest  a  buck's  head,  erased  gules. 
Supporters,  two  stags  proper,  attired  and 
unguled  or,  collared  azure,  pendent  therefrom 
an  escutcheon  gyronny  of  eight  gold-and-sable, 
each  resting  one  foot  on  an  anchor  of  the  last. 
Motto:  'Je  suis  pret.'  The  branches  of  yew 
in  the  bookplate  are  the  ancient  badge  of  the 
clan  Fraser.  This  book  has  been  beautifully 
bound,  evidently  by  Kalthoeber." 

"The  Honourable  Archibald  Campbell  Esq1'. 
1708"  is  engraved  at  the  base  of  an  armorial 
plate,  with  mantling,  and  lions  for  supporters. 
This  is  the  plate  of  Archibald  Campbell,  second 
son  of  Lord  Niel  Campbell,  who  was  second 
son  of  Archibald,  Marquis  of  Argyll.  The 
owner  of  this  plate  had  a  remarkable  life. 
First,  he  is  said  to  have  taken  part  in  the 
rebellion  headed  by  his  uncle,  the  ninth  Earl 
of  Argyll,  in  1685,  and  then  to  have  made  his 
escape  to  Surinam. 

That  fine  old  Tory,  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson,  says 
of  him,  that  after  his  youthful  whiggish  days 
"  he  kept  better  company  and  became  a  violent 
tory."  On  the  25th  of  August,  171 1,  he  was 
consecrated  a  bishop  at  Dundee  by  Bishops 
Rose,    Douglas,    and    Falconer.      He   died   in 


102  BOOKPLATES 

London  in  1744.  This  plate  is  in  his  inter- 
leaved and  copiously  annotated  copy  of  the 
New  Testament  in  Latin:  "Theodore  Beza's, 
Londini  exendebat  Thomas  Vautrollerius,  Typo- 
graphic, 1581."  It  belongs  to  Mr.  E.  F. 
Coates. 

The  nice  plate  of  "Campbell  of  Shawfield  " 
gives  a  shield-of-arms,  not  just  corresponding 
with  Burke's  General  Armoury,  which  records: 
Gyronny  of  eight  or  and  sable,  within  a  bordure 
of  the  first,  charged  with  as  many  crescents  of 
the  second.  Crest  a  griffin  erect,  holding  the 
Sun  between  the  forepaws.  Motto  :  "  Fidus 
amicis." 

Campbell  of  Shawfield  might  be  dubbed 
doubly  Campbell,  as  being  a  time  back  re- 
presented by  Walter  Frederick  Campbell,  of 
Islay  and  Shamfuld,  son  of  Colonel  John 
Campbell  and  his  wife  Charlotte,  youngest 
daughter  of  John,  Duke  of  Argyll. 

Guillim  wrote:  "This  forme  of  helmet, 
placed  sidelong  and  close,  doth  Ger  Leigh 
attribute  to  the  dignity  of  a  Knight,  but  in 
mine  understanding,  it  fitteth  better  the  calling 
of  an  Esquier.  ...  of  these,  each  Knight  had 
two  to  attend  him  in  the  warres,  withersoeuer 
he  went,  who  bare  his  helmet  and  shield  before 
him;  forasmuch,  as  they  did  hold  certaine  lands 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES   103 

of  him  in  scutage,  as  the  Knight  did  hold  of 
the  King  by  Military  seruice." 

This  Campbell  of  Shawfield  plate  is  in  a 
copy  of  The  History  of  the  Siege  of  Toulon.  .  .  . 
Done  from  the  French  Copy,  Printed  at  Paris, 
and  Dedicated  to  the  French  King.  London 
.  .  .  at  the  Raven  in  Pater  Noster  Row. 
1708. 

"  Hudson  Gurney  "  was  born  in  Norwich  on 
the  19th  of  January,  1775,  his  father  being 
Richard  Gurney,  of  Keswick  Hall,  Norfolk. 
Hudson  Gurney  was  indeed  a  proper  man  to 
have  a  bookplate,  and  he  had  several.  He 
gave  his  money  generously  to  help  the  publi- 
cation of  works  of  antiquarian  interest.  From 
1822  to  1846  he  was  a  Vice-President  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries.  He  had  a  library  of 
from  ten  to  fifteen  thousand  volumes,  and  was 
not  content  merely  to  have  his  books,  but  was 
an  ardent  reader.  He  was  also  very  ready  to 
help  others:  he  was  kind,  liberal,  and  hospit- 
able. He  died  on  the  9th  November,  1864. 
His  family,  as  the  ancient  Norman  family  of 
De  Gournay,  owned  Keswick  Hall  and  West 
Barsham,  both  in  Norfolk,  for  many  centuries. 
The  arms  (see  Burke) :  Argent,  a  cross  engrailed 
gules.  The  smaller  bookplate,  not  reproduced 
here,  represents  one  crest  of  the  family,  namely, 


104  BOOKPLATES 

on  a  chapeau  gules,  turned-up  ermine,  a  gurnet 

tisli  in  pale,  with  thf  head  downwards. 

The  Hastings  bookplate  is  simply  armorial 
with  supporters,  and  underneath  it  the  inscrip- 
tion "Hastings."  The  barony  of  Hastings, 
created  by  Edward  I.  in  1290,  having  fallen 
into  abeyance,  the  House  of  Lords  reported 
that  Henry  L'Estrange  Styleman  Le  Strange, 
Esq.,  of  Hunstanton,  Norfolk,  and  Sir  Jacob 
Astley,  Bart.,  were  co-heirs  to  the  barony. 
Whereupon  Sir  Jacob  had  the  abeyance  termi- 
nated in  his  favour,  and  was  summoned  to 
Parliament  by  writ  in  184 1  as  Baron  Hastings. 
On  his  death,  in  1859,  he  was  succeeded  by 
his  elder  son,  Jacob  Henry  Delaval,  Baron 
Hastings,  who  died  in  1871,  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  brother,  the  Vicar  of  East  Barsham,  in 
Norfolk.  He  died  in  September,  1872,  and 
was  succeeded  in  the  barony  by  his  eldest  son, 
who,  however,  dying  in  1875,  unmarried,  was 
succeeded  by  his  next  brother,  George  Man- 
ners. The  arms  are  :  Quarterly,  first,  azure  a 
cinquefoil  pierced  ermine  within  a  bordure, 
engrailed,  or  for  Astley  ;  second,  argent  a  lion 
rampant  gules  ducally  crowned,  or  for  Con- 
stable ;  third,  argent  two  lions  passant,  gules 
for  L'Estrange  ;  fourth,  or  a  maunch,  gules 
for   Hastings.      Supporters,   on   either  side   a 


u&* 


CHICHESTER  CATHEDRAl 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES   105 

lion  gules,  ducally  crowned,  and  gorged  with 
a  collar  or,  therefrom  pendent  an  escutcheon 
of  the  arms  of  Hastings.  The  motto  is 
"Justitiae  tenax." 

Old  Guillim  illustrated  the  maunch,  and 
wrote:  "The  Field  is  Topaze,  a  Maunch  Ruby. 
This  Coat  armour  pertained  to  the  honourable 
Family  of  Hastings,  Earles  of  Pembroke,  and 
is  quartered  by  the  right  Honourable  Henry 
Gray,  now  Earle  of  Kent.  Of  things  of  Anti- 
quity, saith  Leigh,  that  are  growne  out  of  vse, 
this  is  one,  which  hath  beene,  and  is  taken  for 
the  sleeue  of  a  garment." 

The  view  bookplate  of  the  library  of  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  Winchester  is  interesting. 
Beriah  Botfield  described  the  library  as  a  long 
room  over  the  only  remaining  portion  of  the 
cloisters  attached  to  that  noble  building.  It  is 
curious  to  note  that  this  bookplate  is  in  a  folio 
copy  of  the  Reliquice  Sacrce,  or  writings  of 
Charles  I.,  and  that  many  of  the  chief  books 
in  the  library  were  the  generous  bequest  of 
Bishop  Morley,  the  friend  of  Charles  I.,  and 
who,  tradition  says,  helped  the  issue  of  Eikon 
Basilike.  The  books  are  in  the  old  open  oak 
bookcases  in  which  they  stood  in  the  good 
bishop's  palace  of  Wolvesey.  In  the  library 
is    in    manuscript    "A    Catalogue    of   all    the 


BOOKPLATES 

Bookes  in  liis  Lordship's  Library,  bequeathed 
by  his  Lordship's  Will  to  the  Cathedral  of 
the  Holy  Trinity  of  Winchester ;  and  which 
the  longer  his  lordship  lived,  he  declared   bj 

his  letters  should  be  the  more  and  not  the 
fewer." 

The  bookplate  in  the  Bewick  style  of  the 
"Krv'1  T.  Newcome.  Brook  sculp.  302  Strand." 
is  in  an  imperfect  volume  of  an  eighteenth- 
century  duodecimo  edition  of  Samuel  Butler's 
Hudibras. 

Of  cathedral  libraries  an  interesting  book- 
plate, and  lent  to  me  by  Mr.  G.  F.  Barwick,  is 
that  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Chichester. 
The  Rev.  Prebendary  Deedes,  of  Chichester, 
has  very  kindly  written  to  me  the  following- 
note  : — 

"This  is  the  earlier  of  the  two  bookplates 
used  in  the  Cathedral  Library.  That  at  pre- 
sent in  use,  which  is  substantially  the  same 
design,  has  no  embellishment  and  is  not  so 
well  engraved. 

"See  a  paper  on  'The  Arms  of  Chichester 
Cathedral'  in  Sussex  Arch.  Transactions,  vol.  xi., 
with  illustrations  from  seals,  now  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Bishop  or  the  Dean  and  Chapter. 
The  design  is  intended  to  represent  our  Lord 
as  described  by  St.  John  the  Divine  in  Revela- 


.  -^^t.-^-;:  'v- 


~i-',,fS'M»«E«Jo»  StnintU  ■ 


ea/-c<???zes 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES   107 

tion  i.  The  heralds  of  the  seventeenth  century 
mistook  it  for  '  Prester  John,'  the  mythical 
Emperor  of  Abyssinia  in  the  Middle  Ages, 
and  it  is  sometimes  so  described  in  Heraldic 
Manuals.  There  is  a  difference  of  treatment 
as  to  tinctures.  The  '  field  '  is,  I  believe,  uni- 
formly blue,  the  throne  gold,  the  figure  usually 
gold,  but  occasionally  white,  which  my  friend 
Dr.  Codrington  maintains  is  correct.  The 
earlier  seals  generally  give  a  badge  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  which  is  the  Dedication  of  the 
Cathedral.  The  motto — 'Liber  monumente 
coram  eo  '• — is  the  Vulgate  version  of  part  of 
Malachi  iii.  16." 

Of  about  this  date,  with  a  garland  surround- 
ing the  shield  and  crest  at  a  little  distance,  and 
two  palm  branches  crossed,  is  the  bookplate  of 
the  "  Revd.  Manley  Wood.  Middle  Temple." 
The  family  is  of  North  Taunton,  Devon,  and 
the  arms,  as  given  by  Burke  :  Sable,  three  bars 
or  ;  on  a  canton  gules,  a  demi-woodman,  hold- 
ing a  club  over  the  dexter  shoulder  or.  Crest 
a  woodman  proper,  wreathed  about  the  temples 
and  loins  vert,  holding  in  the  dexter  hand  an 
olive  branch  of  the  last.  This  bookplate  of  a 
Devon  man  is  in  a  Devon  book,  and  it  is 
"down  along"  all  over.  It  bears  the  inscrip- 
tion :   "  W.  Beal  ex  dono  authoris.  Plymouth." 


ro8  BOOKPLATES 

The  hook  is  "the  Plain  Truth:  .  .  .  By  John 
A^-.ui-  M.  A.  .  .  .  Exon:  Printed  by  Jos. 
Bliss,  and  Sold  by  the  Booksellers  in  Exon 
MDCCVIII."        I     have    only    quoted    about    a 

twentieth  part  of  the  title-page,  but  must 
give  a  scrap  or  two  from  "To  the  Reader": 
"  Be  it  known,  that  supposing  Mr.  Wither 
had  not  (as  'tis  shamefully  notorious  he  has) 
first  broken  the  Peace,  by  drawing-  me  to  the 
Press,  yet  his  Harangue  about  Union  and 
Moderation,  is  all  Banter  and  Grimace  :  for 
how  ridiculous  is  an  everlasting  Cant  and  Din 
about  Peace  and  Union,  from  One  who,  .  .  . 
if  he  does  not  Love,  yet  manifestly  lives  by 
Divisions  !    .    .    ." 

The  armorial  bookplate  with  large  margin 
of  "The  Rfc  Hon1'10  The  Earl  of  Suffolk,  is  in 
a  splendid  folio  large-paper  copy  of  The  Book 
of  Common  Prayer  .  .  .  Printed  by  Thomas 
Buck  and  Roger  Daniel,  printers  to  the  Uni- 
versitie  of  Cambridge.  Anno  Dom.  1638. 
The  latter  half  of  the  volume  is  the  Whole 
Book  of  Psalmes,  Collected  into  English  metre, 
by  Th.  Sternhold,  John  Hopkins,  and  others, 
.  .  .  with  apt  notes  to  sing  them  withall:" — 
the  same  printer  and  date.  The  whole  volume 
being  ruled  in  red  lines  in  the  very  effective 
way  used  with  special  copies,  and  bound  in  fine 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES  109 

old  black  morocco,  gilt  extra,  evidently  by 
good  Thomas  Buck  of  Cambridge  town. 

The  arms,  with  an  earl's  coronet  above,  and 
lions  for  supporters,  are  first,  gules,  a  bend 
between  six  cross  crosslets,  fitchee,  argent  ; 
on  the  bend  an  escutcheon,  or,  charged  with  a 
demi-lion,  rampant,  pierced  through  the  mouth 
with  an  arrow,  within  a  double  tressure,  flory- 
counter  flory,  gules,  for  Howard  ;  second, 
gules,  three  lions  passant-guardant,  in  pale  or, 
and  a  label  of  three  points,  argent,  for  Thomas 
of  Brotherton  ;  third,  chequy,  or  and  azure, 
for  Warren  ;  fourth,  gules,  a  lion  rampant, 
argent,  for  Mowbray.  Below  the  shield  is  the 
motto,  "Nous  Maintiendrons."  The  family 
of  the  Earls  of  Suffolk  and  Berkshire  comes 
from  the  famous  house  of  Howard,  springing 
from  Thomas,  fourth  Duke  of  Norfolk  and  his 
second  wife. 

In  the  ex  lib  f  is  of  "HRH  Princess  Sophia" 
there  seems  something  delightfully  simple  and 
suitable  to  a  virgin  Princess.  The  Princess 
Sophia,  one  of  the  numerous  family  of  George 
III.,  was  born  in  1777,  and  lived  until  1848. 
This  bookplate  is  a  lesson  in  the  art  of  sim- 
plicity. It  is  in  "Memoires  du  Prince  Eugenie 
de  Savoie  ...   A  Londres  181 1." 

Here,   also,   is  the  bookplate  of    "  Bulkeley 


no  BOOKPLATES 

Bandinel  Id)  Bodleian  Librarian,  Oxford." 
This  little  plate  tells  all  that  could  in-  wished. 
It  is  in  a  copy  of  the  17-*"  edition  of  Wishart's 
Montrose f  and  lias  Bandinel's  autograph.  It 
has  lately  belonged  t<>  Mr.  William  Twopeny. 
I  give  also  the  plate  of  Philip  Bliss,  another 

famous  custodian  of  Bodley's.  In  any  of  his 
books  which  had  not  his  bookplate  he  had  a 
playful  habit  of  marking  the  B  sheet  signa- 
ture. 

The  ex  libn's  now  mentioned  is  in  a  curious 
copy  of  a  curious  work.  "The  North  Briton 
.  .  .  london  :  Printed  for  J.  Williams,  near  the 
Mitre  Tavern,  Fleet  Street.  MDCCLXIII." 
Two  volumes  bound  in  one,  and  including  all 
the  forty-five  numbers.  The  volume  is  bound 
in  calf  and  lettered  "poison  for  the  Scotch." 
Inside  is  an  armorial  bookplate  with  two 
winged  monsters  for  supporters.  It  is  evi- 
dently the  bookplate  of  a  Fletcher.  The  arms 
that  Burke  gives  are  sable,  a  cross  flory  argent 
between  four  escallops.  Crest  a  bloodhound 
azure,  ducally  gorged  or.  The  motto  is 
"  Dieu  pour  nous." 

1 '  Robert  Plumptre  "  's  bookplate  gives  argent, 
a  chevron  between  two  mullets  pierced  in  chief, 
and  an  amulet  in  base  sable,  the  arms  of 
Plumptre  ;    and    the   crest    a    phoenix    or    out 


^yA^c/Ji  ^yjut 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES   in 

of  flames  proper.  The  motto  given  is  "turpi 
secernere  honestum."  Another  small  shield- 
of-arms  is  placed  over  the  Plumptre  shield. 

Nottingham  has  been  the  chief  abiding-place 
of  the  Plumptres  for  many  centuries. 

This  bookplate  is  in  a  copy  of  ceuvres  de 
Mr.  Pavilion  de  C'Academie  Francoise.  a  la 
Haye,  .   .   .    1715. 

There  are  two  ex  libris  in  a  copy  belonging 
to  Mr.  E.  F.  Coates,  of  "  Report  of  Pro- 
ceedings .  .  .  Oyer  &  Terminer  and  Gaol 
Delivery.  County  of  York,  held  at  the  castle 
of  York  .  .  .  1813."  The  first  is  that  of 
"William  Stretton  Lenton  Priory,"  which 
words  are  engraved  under  a  simple  armorial 
shield.  Arms  :  argent,  a  bend  engrailed  sable, 
cotised  gules.  The  second  plate  has  the  in- 
scription "Sempronius  Stretton  Lenton  Priory." 
In  this  plate  the  shield,  with  different  bearings 
from  the  other,  is  represented  as  held  by  an 
eagle.  This  Sempronius  Stretton  of  Lenton 
Priory,  in  Nottinghamshire,  was,  I  fancy,  a 
colonel  in  the  army  ;  and  hanging  just  below 
the  shield  are  two  objects  looking  like  war 
medals. 

In  a  fine  copy  of  Baxter's  Anacreon—a.  rare 
little  work — is  the  armorial  plate  "Brown" 
(Waterhaughs,     County    Ayr,     1806).       Burke 


[12  BOOKPLATES 

i;i\cs:  Quarterly,  first  and  fourth,  gules,  on  a 
chevron  between  three  fleur-de-lis  or,  a  ship 
sails  furled  sable,  a  bordure  of  the  second  ; 
second  and  third,  gyronny  of  eight  wavy, 
ermine  and  gules,  for  Campbell.  Crest  a 
demi-lion  proper,  holding-  in  his  dexter  paw 
.1  fleur-de-lis  or. 

A  good  plate  here  given  is  thai  of  Sir 
J.    S.    Stewart,    Baronet. 

In  a  164c)  Eikon  Bastlike  is  a  modern  round 
bookplate  of  "John  Bailey  Langhorne."  The 
arms  were  granted  to  the  Langhornes  of  Bed- 
fordshire 20th  January,  1610.  Sable  a  cross 
argent  ;  on  a  chief  of  the  second  three  bugle- 
horns  of  the  field,  stringed  gules.  Crest  a 
bugle-horn  sable,  stringed  gules,  between  two 
wings  expanded,  argent. 

"John  Warren,  BA,  LLB."  The  name  and, 
to  some  extent,  the  arms  will  remind  incident- 
ally bookplate  collectors  of  the  first  historian  of 
English  bookplates.  The  motto  is  "tenebo." 
The  arms  are  chequy  or  and  azure ;  on  a 
canton  gules  a  lion  rampant  argent.  Crest 
on  a  chapeau  gules,  turned-up  ermine,  a  wry  vern 
argent,  wings  expanded,  chequy  or  and  azure. 

"  Thomas  James  Tatham,"  an  ex  libris  about 
fifty  years  old.  Thomas  James  Tatham  lived 
in  Bedford  Place,  Russell  Square,  and  bore  for 


SIB  JAMIE 5     STEWA1T  jDTEK'jEKDjLM 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES   113 

his  own  arms,  argent,  a  chevron  gules  between 
three  swans'  necks  couped  sable.  Crest,  on  a 
trumpet  or,  a  swan  with  wings  displayed  sable. 
The  motto  :  "  perseverance." 

A  bookplate  very  interesting  from  the  iden- 
tity of  its  owner  is  that  of  "  Henry  Crabb 
Robinson,"  the  warm  friend  of  Lamb,  Cole- 
ridge, Wordsworth,  Southey,  and  a  host  of 
other  interesting  characters.  He  died  at  his 
house,  30,  Russell  Square,  on  February  5th, 
1867,  at  the  good  age  of  ninety-one  years. 

A  sensible  armorial  plate  is  that  inscribed  at 
foot  as  "Right  Honb.le  Sir  Robert  Peel  Bart," 
and  across  the  top  "Drayton  Manor."  The 
arms,  as  granted  to  Robert  Peel  of  Manchester, 
father  of  the  first  baronet,  were  :  Argent  three 
sheaves  of  as  many  arrows  proper,  banded 
gules  ;  on  a  chief  azure  a  bee  volant  or.  Crest 
a  demi-lion  rampant  argent,  gorged  with  a 
collar  azure,  charged  with  three  bezants,  hold- 
ing between  the  paws  a  shuttle  or.  Motto  : 
"  Industria." 

"  Rob*  D  Mayne,"  a  facsimile  signature,  is 
under  a  modern  plate,  where,  of  course,  both 
arms  and  motto  have  something  to  say  about 
hands.  The  arms  are :  Ermine,  on  a  bend 
sable,  three  dexter  hands  couped  argent.  The 
motto  runs  :  "  manus  justa  decus." 
1 


ii4  BOOKPLATES 

Of  martial  mottoes,  "militavi  non  sine 
gloria  "  is  a  good  specimen.  It  is  on  the 
bookplate,  about   forty  years  old,   which   has 

under  it  the  engraved  signature  of  "J  Knight." 
The  cresl  is  a  spur  between  two  wings. 

"  Wynfield."  This  is  a  shield  with  Wynfield 
arms  vetl  on  a  bend  argent,  three  crosses 
patonce  sable,  and  a  host  of  quarterings  ;  .also 
two  crests,  one  a  lion's  head,  and  the  other  a 
falcon.      The  motto  is  "  aut  vincere  aut  mori." 

"  William  Holgate."  This  is  a  plain  ar- 
morial bookplate.  Or,  a  bend  between  two 
bulls'  heads,  couped  sable.  The  crest  is,  out 
of  a  mural  coronet  argent,  a  bull's  head  sable, 
gorged  with  a  collar  of  the  first,  charged  with 
two  bends  gules. 

"  T.  A.  Dale."  A  very  small  shield,  with 
simply  the  name  underneath.  Arms  of  Dale 
of  Rutlandshire,  confirmed  in  1602  :  Paly  of  six 
argent  and  gules,  on  a  chief  azure  three  garbs 
or.  Crest  three  Danish  battle-axes  erect, 
handled  or,  headed  argent,  enfiled  with  a  chap- 
let  of  roses  of  the  first. 

The  bookplate,  also  armorial,  with  two  palm 
leaves,  of  "  Hon1,le  Edmund  Phipps."  The 
arms  are,  of  course,  the  Normandy  coat. 
Quarterly  first  and  fourth,  sable,  a  trefoil 
slipped    between    eight    mullets    argent,    for 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES   115 

Phipps  ;  second  and  third,  paly  of  six  argent 
and  azure  ;  over  all  a  bend  gules  for  Annesley. 
Crest,  a  lion's  gamb  erect  sable  holding"  a 
trefoil  slipped  argent.  This  in  a  1648  copy  of 
Eikon  Basilike. 

A  pleasant  variety  in  style  is  the  plate  of 
"George  Cardale."  It  is  evidently  a  real  book- 
man's bookplate.  In  good  large  letters  on  a 
scroll  around  the  shield  are  the  words,  "  stu- 
dendo  et  contemplando  indefessus."  In  the 
arms  and  crest  is  seen  the  Cornish  chough. 

An  Eikon  Basilike,  1648,  with  a  bookplate, 
"Revd  Charles  Chester."  Below  and  beside 
the  armorial  shield  is  a  neat  design  of  two 
palm  leaves.  The  arms,  ermine,  on  a  chief 
sable  a  griffin  passant  or,  armed  argent. 
Crest,  a  dragon  passant  argent,  are  those  of 
Chester  of  Blabie  in  Leicestershire,  descended 
from  an  uncle  of  the  first  Sir  Robert  Chester 
of  Royston,  who,  as  one  of  the  gentlemen  of 
the  Privy  Chamber  to  King  Henry  VIII.,  re- 
ceived from  that  monarch  a  grant  of  the 
monastery  of  Royston. 

"  Fothergill  sc  "  is  on  the  ex  libris  of  "Cecil 
D.  Wray,  A.M.  /  F.C.C.  Manchester."  Arms; 
azure,  on  a  chief  or,  three  martlets  gules. 
Crest   an    ostrich    or.       Motto:    "et  juste    et 


in.  BOOKPLATES 

vray."  The  Rev.  Cecil  Daniel  Wray,  Canon 
of  Manchester  Collegiate  Church,  was  son 
and  heir  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Wray,  of  Brogden 
House,  in  Keliield,  Lincolnshire,  and  his  wife 
the  daughter  of  George  Lloyd,  of  Holm  Hall, 
near  Manchester. 

The  Wrays  come  from  Sir  Christopher 
Wray,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench  in  the  days  of  Queen  Bess. 

A  pretty  little  plate,  and  not  armorial,  is 
that  of  "JohnT.  Beer."  The  centre  represents 
an  open  mouth  of  a  well,  with  an  owl  perched 
on  the  further  edge  of  it.  At  each  side  of  the 
well  rise  tropical  palms.  Besides  the  name 
ribbon  are  these  three  inscriptions:  "know- 
ledge is  high,"  "  truth  is  straight,"  "wisdom  is 
wealth." 

An  unpretending  ex  libris  is  that  of  "  Robert 
Buchanan  Stewart."  These  words  are  in- 
scribed on  a  circular  strap  enclosing  a  fancy 
monogram.  Below  is  "  ubi  thesaurus  ibi  cor." 
Below  are  spaces  for  filling  in  number,  class, 
and  case. 

As  a  good  specimen  of  a  Society's  bookplate 
may  be  given  one  engraved  for  the  "Royal 
Institute  of  British  Architects.  Tite  Donation 
1868."  Sir  William  Tite,  the  architect  of  the 
Royal  Exchange  and  of  many  great  buildings, 


~fy,1<Z'*itv  CoitC<?7isef,{7iCKyt:hita  it •  L  letcl  c/ '/Ac  SZt.civ  & ' Csxt.i 
& l(/laiict< Clv/j  e/,/nc-y»t/tc}.ia.ftyii{Aj-t<z<?i/  wlctc'i/  of-? 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES   117 

was  born  in  1798  in  the  parish  of  St.  Bar- 
tholomew the  Great,  London,  and  died  at 
Torquay  in  1873.  He  represented  Bath  in  the 
House  of  Commons  from  1855  until  his  death. 
His  valuable  library  of  early  English  books 
and  other  rarities  was  sold  at  Sotheby's  after 
his  death. 

The  Right  Honorable  Sir  Gore  Ouseley, 
Baronet,  Grand  Cordon  of  the  Persian  Order 
of  the  Lion  and  Sun,  and  Grand  Cross  of  the 
Imperial  Russian  Order  of  St.  Alexander 
Newski — a  famous  Oriental  scholar,  Fellow  of 
the  Royal  Society,  and  Fellow  of  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries — was  born  in  1770,  and  created 
a  baronet  in  1808.  His  wife  was  Harriott- 
Georgiana,  daughter  of  John  Whitelocke,  Esq. 
In  1810  Sir  Gore  Ouseley  became  Ambassador 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to 
the  Court  of  Persia,  and  afterwards  at  St. 
Petersburg.  He  died  in  1844  at  Hall  Barn, 
Beaconsfield,  which  had  belonged  to  Edmund 
Waller,  the  poet,  and  which  he  had  twelve 
years  before  purchased  from  the  poet's  de- 
scendant, Mr.  Waller  of  Farmington. 

"Whalley  Hamerton "  is  a  good  idea  in 
bookplates.  It  looks  like  unto  a  picture  of 
some  fine  old  seal.  Whale's  heads  for  Whalley. 
It  is  in  a  scarce  book  :  Marshal  Ney.     Report 


us  BOOKPLATES 

of  the  trial  .   .  .   Paris  :   Printed  and  sold  at 
Galignani's  .  .  .    [815. 

"A  fenwyke I  a  fenwyke"  is  the  motto  al 
the  foot  of  a  Fenwick  bookplate,  probably 
Fenwick  and  Robinson.  First  and  fourth,  six 
martlets  counterchanged,  three  cinquefoils. 
The  Fenwicks  were  an  intrepid  race  haunting1 
the  northern  borders,  and  the  proud  House  of 
Percy  never  went  to  battle  without  the  valiant 
Fenwicks  to  help  them. 

"  Richard  Clark  Esq1".  Chamberlain  of  Lon- 
don." Such  are  the  words  engraved  below  the 
plain  armorial  plate.  Argent  on  a  bend  gules 
three  swans  proper,  between  as  many  pellets,  a 
canton  sinister  azure  charged  with  a  demi-ram 
mounting  of  the  first,  armed  or  between  two 
fleur-de-lis  in  chief  of  the  last ;  on  it  a  baton 
dexter  of  the  field.  The  motto  is  "est  modus 
in  rebus." 

Guillim  remarks:  "The  Swan  is  a  Birde  of 
great  Beautie,  and  strength  also  :  and  this  is 
reported  in  Honour  of  Him,  that  hee  vseth  not 
his  strength,  to  Prey  or  tyrannize  ouer  any 
other  Fowle,  but  onelie  to  be  reuenged  on  such 
as  first  offer  Him  wrong;  in  which  case  he  often 
subdueth  the  Eagle." 

A  good  ex  libris,  engraved  perhaps  about 
1820,  and  in  an  1824  copy  of  Eikon  Basilike,  is 


VARIOUS  BRITISH  BOOKPLATES  119 

the  bookplate  of  "Harry  Kerby  Pott."  The 
motto  is  "  fortis  et  astutus."  The  arms  are: 
azure,  two  bars  or,  over  all  a  bend  of  the  last. 
The  crest  a  leopard,  or  ounce,  sejant  proper, 
collared,  lined  and  ringed  azure.  According'  to 
the  Herald's  College,  these  arms  were  granted 
in  1583. 

The  quite  modern, fantastic  plate  of  "Thomas 
Bradshaw.  Stackhouse.  Settle."  seems  to  repre- 
sent Father  Time  with  his  scythe  ;  and  Father 
Time  seems  to  be  expressed  as  an  old  man  in 
a  hurry,  who  has  learnt  to  fly  without  wings. 
This  plate  is  in  a  Yorkshire  West  Riding  poll- 
book  of  1838,  belonging  to  Mr.  E.  F.  Coates. 

A  very  pleasing  modern  non- armorial  plate 
is  "  George  Parker  Heathcote  "  's.  In  a  prettily 
formed  .ectangular  frame  is  seen  an  angel 
holding  a  shield  and  pointing  to  the  mono- 
gram "G  P  H  ",  which  occupies  the  shield. 
The  names  in  full  are  round  the  framework. 
This  plate  is  in  a  volume  of  the  Camden 
Society. 

Appropriately,  in  a  copy  belonging  to  Mr. 
E.  F.  Coates,  of  Poulson's  Holderness,  Hull, 
1840,  is  a  bookplate  of  a  member  of  .a  family 
that  hails  from  Knaresborough.  "John 
Rhodes  "  is  the  facsimile  signature  at  the  foot 
of  the  plate,  below  the  motto  "  ung  durant  ma 


120  BOOKPLATES 

vie."  The  arms  are:  argent  on  a  cross  en- 
grailed,  between  four  lions  rampant  gules,  as 
many  bezants.  Crest  a  leopard  sejant  or, 
spotted  sable,  collared  and  ringed  argent. 

Two  nineteenth-century  ex  libris— one  of 
"Thomas  Tindal  Methold,"  and  the  other 
of  "  Henry  Methold."  The  Methold  arms 
are  :  azure  six  escallops  or.  The  crest  is  a 
goat's  head  erased  argent,  attire  and  beard 
sable.  The  Metholds,  or  Methuolds,  are  an 
old  Norfolk  family. 

A  simple  nineteenth-century  ex  libris  is  that 
of  "Christopher  Roberts,"  with  the  motto 
"  un  roy  une  foy  une  loy. "  The  arms,  granted 
on  2nd  June,  1614,  to  Roberts  of  Truro,  Corn- 
wall, are  :  azure,  on  a  chevron  argent,  three 
mullets  pierced  sable.  Crest  a  demi-lion  azure 
holding  a  mullet  argent,  pierced  sable. 


CHAPTER    XI 

BOOKPLATES    IN    AMERICA 

SIXTY  years  ago  the  intelligent  European 
reader  would  have  rubbed  his  eyes  and 
looked  at  his  feet  to  be  sure  that  they  were 
not  where  his  head  ought  to  be,  if  told  that 
American  readers  formed,  in  a  marked  degree, 
a  very  large  class  to  whom  publishers  and 
authors  should  look  for  sympathy  and  en- 
couragement. That  is  all  changed  now,  and 
there  is  probably  no  country  in  the  world 
where  books,  and  all  that  is  implied  in  that 
magic  word,  arouse  so  keen  an  interest. 

It  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  pause  and 
think  of  the  honoured  names  of  a  few  of  those 
who  have  helped  to  prepare  the  road  for  this 
change.  Of  course,  some  seeds  of  good  fruit 
were  sown  many  generations  before.  Passing 
over  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  colonist  and  author, 
we  reach,  in  a  few  years,  George  Sandys, 
poet  and  colonist,  one  of  the  brave  companions 
of  Captain  John  Smith. 


BOOKPLATES 

John  Smith  was  a  member  of  the  council  of 
the  105  emigrants  who  on  December  19th) 
[606,  set  <>ut  from  Blackwall  to  found  a  colony 
in  Virginia.  Combining  prudence  with  intrepid 
enterprise,  he  became  the  trusted  founder  and 
leader  of  the  colony.  In  oik-  expedition  inland 
in  December,  1007,  he  was  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Indians,  and  is  said  to  have  been  rescued 
by  the  intervention  of  Pocahontas,  the  Indian 
Princess. 

George  Sandys,  son  of  the  Archbishop  of 
York,  born  in  1578,  two  years  before  John 
Smith,  was,  in  161 1,  named  as  one  of  the 
"Undertakers"  in  the  third  Virginia  charter, 
and  in  1621  was  made  Treasurer  of  the  Virginia 
Company,  not  very  long  before  the  colony  was 
taken  over  by  the  Crown.  What  is  to  the 
point  of  our  story  is  that,  in  his  colony  home 
on  the  banks  of  James  River,  he  translated 
Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  dedicated  to  Charles  I., 
and  published  in  folio  in  London  in  1626. 

In  1623  the  Rev.  William  Morrell,  armed 
with  a  commission  to  superintend  the  churches 
there,  went  out  in  Captain  Robert  Gorges'  ex- 
pedition to  Massachusetts,  lived  at  Plymouth 
there  one  year,  and,  returning  to  England, 
published  in  London,  in  1525,  in  quarto,  Latin 
hexameters,    with    a    translation    into    English 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      123 

heroic  verse,  and  entitling"  the  book:  "  New- 
England,  or  a  briefe  Enarration  of  the  Ayre, 
Earth,  Water,  Fish,  and  Fowles  of  that 
Country.  With  a  Description  of  the  .  .  . 
Habits  and  Religion  of  the  Natives." 

In  1629  William  Wood  emigrated  from 
England  to  Massachusetts,  and  after  staying 
there  about  four  years,  he  came  back  to 
England,  and  in  1634  published  his  ''New 
England's  Prospect :  A  true,  lively,  and  ex- 
perimentall  Description  of  that  part  of  America 
commonly  called  New  England  :  Discovering 
the  State  of  that  Countrie,  both  as  it  stands 
to  our  new-come  English  Planters  and  to  the 
old  Native  inhabitants  :  Laying  downe  that 
which  may  both  enrich  the  Knowledge  of  the 
mind-travelling  Reader,  or  benefit  the  future 
Voyager,  London,  by  Thomas  Cotes  for  John 
Bellamie.      1634." 

The  author  soon  went  back  to  the  colony, 
became  a  representative  in  the  State  Legisla- 
ture, became  the  chief  founder  of  Sandwich  in 
Plymouth  Colony,  and  died  there  in  1639. 

Of  the  youth  of  Roger  Williams,  the  next 
colonist  author,  a  curious  incident  is  recorded  : 
"  He  attended  trials  in  the  Court  of  Star 
Chamber,  in  order  to  take  down  notes  of  them 
in   a  shorthand."     Many  will    recall   at   once, 


i_\|  BOOKPLATES 

how  often  working  as  a  reporter,  has  led  to  a 
literary  career.  In  this  connection  the  name 
of  Charles  I  )ickens,  and  a  host  of  other  authors, 
occur  at  once. 

In  injD  Roger  Williams  look  his  B.A.  degree 
From  Pembroke  College,  Cambridge;  and  on 
December  ist,  1630,  he  embarked  from  Bristol 
in  a  ship  named  the  Lyon,  and  after  a  voyage 
of  over  two  months,  reached  Nantasket  Feb- 
ruary 5th,  163 1.  He  had  been  ordained  in 
England  ;  but  neither  in  the  old  country  nor  the 
new  did  his  ideas  of  a  Church  and  Church 
government  generally  agree  with  the  views  of 
those  in  authority. 

In  January,  1636,  he  was  cited  by  Boston, 
but  declining  to  appear,  Captain  John  Underhill 
was  despatched  to  Salem  with  a  sloop  to  arrest 
him  and  put  him  aboard  ship  for  England. 
Receiving  a  hint  from  Winthrop  "to  arise  and 
flee  into  the  Narrohiganset's  country,  free  from 
English  Pattents,"  with  a  few  companions  he 
"  steered  his  course  for  the  land  of  the  Narra- 
gansett  Indians,  being  sorely  tossed  for  one 
fourteen  weeks  in  a  bitter  winter  season,  not 
knowing  what  bread  or  bed  did  mean."  In 
1639  he  became  an  Anabaptist,  was  duly  im- 
mersed, and  founded  the  first  Baptist  church 
in   Providence — the  mother  of  18,000   Baptist 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      125 

churches  in  America.  In  a  few  months  he 
completely  separated  from  the  Baptists,  and 
became  a  "Seeker."  His  whole  life  and 
journeys  to  and  from  the  old  country  cannot 
be  followed  here.  He  lived  till  1683,  "  preach- 
ing the  Gospel  of  Christ,  not  only  to  his  own 
people,  but  to  the  Children  of  the  Forest,  who 
received  the  Missionary,  and  loved  the  Man." 
Some  of  his  chief  published  works  were  : — 

"A  key  into  the  Language  of  America,  or 
an  Help  to  the  Language  of  the  Natives  in 
that  Part  of  America  called  New  England  ; 
together  with  Briefe  Observations  of  the  Cus- 
tomes,  Manners  and  Worships  of  the  aforesaid 
Natives  in  Peace  and  Warre,  in  Life  and  Death, 
London,  Gregory  Dexler,  1643." 

"The  Bloudy  Tenent  of  Persecution  for 
Cause  of  Conscience,  discussed  in  a  Conference 
.   .   .    1644." 

"  Experiments  of  Spiritual  Life  and  Health 
and  their  Preservatives.     London  1652." 

"George  Fox  digg'd  out  of  his  Burrowes, 
or  an  Offer  of  Disputation  on  fourteen  Pro- 
posals made  this  last  Summer,  1672,  (so  call'd) 
unto  G.  Fox,  then  present  on  Rode  Island,  in 
New  England.  Boston.  Printed  by  John 
Foster  1676." 

John  Winthrop,  born  on  January  12th,  1588, 


(26  BOOKPLATES 

at  Edwardston  in  Suffolk,  was  one  of  the 
twelve  signatories  at  Cambridge  on  August 
26th,  H'-'').  to  the  document  which  practically 
made  Massachusetts  self-governing.  Those 
who  signed  undertook  to  set  sail  with  their 
families  to  inhabit  and  continue  in  New  England, 
provided  thai  the  whole  government,  together 
with  the  patent  for  the  plantation,  be  first  by 
an  order  of  court  legally  transferred  and  es- 
tablished, to  remain  with  us  and  others  which 
.shall  inhabit  upon  the  said  plantation.  Shortly 
John  Winthrop  was  elected  to  be  governor, 
and  in  March  of  the  next  year  sailed  from 
England.  His  literary  character  was  in  evidence 
even  throughout  the  voyage,  as  the  famous 
diary  was  then  begun,  and  also  in  his  journey 
across  the  seas  he  wrote  a  little  manual,  the 
manuscript  of  which  now  belongs  to  the  New 
York  Historical  Society,  and  is  called  Christian 
Charitic.      .  I  Modell  Jiereoj. 

Now  we  come  to  talk  of  a  man  who  is 
perhaps  the  most  interesting  figure  in  early 
American  authorship.  John  Eliot,  the  Indian 
apostle,  born  in  Herefordshire  in  1604,  took 
his  degree  at  Cambridge  in  1622,  and  after- 
wards entered  Holy  Orders.  He  landed  at 
Boston,  New  England,  in  163 1.  On  Novem- 
ber 5th,  1632,  he  was  made  a  "  teacher  of  the 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      127 

Church  at  Roxbury,  and  held  this  post  until 
his  death  at  Roxbury  on  May  20th,  1690." 
In  the  meanwhile,  between  1632  and  1690, 
John  Eliot  had,  amongst  other  vast  labours, 
translated  the  whole  Bible  into  native  Indian  ; 
but  to  be  more  precise  :  First  came  the  New 
Testament  in  1661,  and  a  second  edition  in  1680. 
In  1663  the  whole  Bible,  first  edition,  and  in 
1685  the  second  edition.  These  wonderful 
works  were  published  at  Cambridge,  in  New 
England.  He  also  helped  in  the  preparation 
of  the  English  Metrical  version  of  the  Psalms, 
the  first  book  printed  in  New  England.  This 
was  known  as  the  Bay  Psalm-book,  and  was 
printed  by  Stephen  Daye  in  1640.  Everett 
declared  of  him:  "Since  the  death  of  the 
Apostle  Paul,  a  nobler,  truer,  and  warmer 
spirit  than  John  Eliot  never  lived." 

Again,  Mather  wrote  of  him  :  "  He  that 
would  write  of  Eliot,  must  write  of  Charity, 
or  say  nothing." 

Richard  Baxter,  another  contemporary,  re- 
corded :  "  There  was  no  man  on  earth  whom  I 
honour'd  above  him." 

The  credit  for  the  first  really  original  work 
published  in  America  seems  to  belong  to  Anne 
Bradstreet,  whose  maiden  name  was  Anne 
Dudley,  her  father,  Thomas  Dudley,  becoming 


[28  BOOKPLATES 

Governor  til"  Massachusetts.  She  was  bora  in 
Northamptonshire,  and  at  the  early  age  of 
sixteen  married  Simon  Bradstreet,  and  in  1630 
wenl  with  him  to  America.  Her  husband  be- 
came Governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1680. 

Mrs.  Anne  Bradstreet's  poems  wire  first 
published  in  1640,  under  the  title  of  "Several 
Poems,  compiled  with  great  variety  of  Wit  and 
Learning1,  full  of  delighl  ;  wherein  especially  is 
contained  a  compleat  Discourse  and  Descrip- 
tion of  the  Four  Elements,  Constitutions,  Ages 
of  Man,  and  Seasons  of  the  Year,  together 
with  an  exact  Epitome  of  the  Three  first 
Monarchies,  viz:  The  Assyrian,  Persian,  and 
Grecian  ;  and  the  beginning  of  the  Roman 
Commonwealth  to  the  end  of  their  last  King, 
with  divers  other  pleasant  and  serious  Poems  : 
by  a  Gentlewoman  of  New  England." 

This  is  not  a  treatise  on  history,  and  we 
must  pass  on  to  later  days,  and  soon  find  firm 
ground  with  American-born  literary  men  and 
women. 

Jonathan  Edwards,  born  at  Windsor,  in  Con- 
necticut, became  a  student  at  Yale  College  in 
1 7 16.  Already,  at  thirteen  years  old,  he  was 
reading  Locke  on  The  Human  Understandings 
"  with  a  keener  delight  than  a  miser  feels 
when  gathering  up  handfulls  of  silver  and  gold 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA       129 

from  some  newly-discovered  treasure."  The 
greatest  of  his  many  writings  was  "A  careful 
and  Strict  Inquiry  into  the  modern  prevailing 
notion  that  Freedom  of  Will  is  supposed  to  be 
essential  to  Moral  Agency,"  and  this  work  has 
been  described  as  undoubtedly  the  great  bul- 
wark of  Calvinistic  theology.  Edwards'  father 
had  been  fifty  years  minister  of  a  church  in 
America,  and  his  ancestors  first  emigrated 
from  England  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  days  ;  but 
the  origin  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  to  whom  we 
come  now,  was  much  humbler. 

His  father,  Josiah  Franklin,  came  from 
England,  and  started  in  Boston  as  a  tallow 
chandler.  Benjamin  Franklin  was  born  on 
January  17th,  1706,  and  when  ten  years  old  his 
father  took  him  home  from  school  to  cut  wicks 
for  the  candles  !  The  boy  became  anxious  for 
the  life  of  a  sailor  ;  but  the  father,  with  what 
now,  looking  back,  we  may  call  happy  instinct, 
apprenticed  Benjamin  to  his  elder  brother, 
James,  who,  just  returned  from  a  voyage  to 
London,  had,  in  17 17,  set  up  a  printing-press 
in  Boston. 

This  change  brought  Benjamin  at  once  within 
reach  of  reading,  and  as  what  is  here  written 
relates  wholly  to  books,  the  following  words  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  written  to  a  son  of  Cotton 

K 


130  BOOKPLATES 

Mather  in  his  later  years,  are  worth  repeating: 
"  When  I  was  a  boy,  I  met  a  book  entitled 
Essays  to  do  Good,  which  I  think  was  written 
by  your  father.  It  had  been  so  little  regarded 
by  its  former  possessor  that  several  leaves  of 
it  were  torn  out,  but  the  remainder  gave  me 
such  a  turn  of  thinking-  as  to  have  an  influence 
upon  my  conduct  through  life  ;  for  I  have 
always  set  a  greater  value  on  the  character  of 
a  doer  of  good  than  any  other  kind  of  reputa- 
tion: and  if  I  have  been,  as  you  seem  to  think, 
a  useful  citizen,  the  public  owes  all  the  advan- 
tage of  it  to  that  book." 

In  1724,  with  aid  from  Sir  William  Keith, 
Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  Benjamin  Franklin 
came  to  England  with  the  object  of  obtaining 
and  bringing"  over  a  printing-press  and  all 
materials  for  himself;  but  not  succeeding  in  this, 
he  stayed  two  years  in  London,  working  at  his 
trade,  and  at  this  time,  1725,  he  published  A 
Dissertation  on  Liberty  and  .Yeeessitj',  Pleasure 
and  Pain.  This  publication  is  not  in  any  old 
collection  of  Franklin's  writings,  and  even  now 
only  one  copy  seems  to  be  known. 

In  1730  Benjamin  founded  the  Public  Library 
in  Philadelphia.  In  1753  he  became  Postmaster- 
General  for  British  America.  In  1743  he  had 
originated  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA       131 

and  in  1749  he  became  the  real  founder  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  The  year  1752 
saw  the  verification  of  his  theory  identifying 
lightning  with  electricity.  After  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  Franklin  was,  in  1776, 
appointed  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France. 
In  1785  he  became  President  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1787  sat  with 
Washington  and  Hamilton  in  the  Federal  Con- 
vention which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States.  On  his  death,  on  April  17th, 
1790,  Mirabeau  announced  in  the  General 
Assembly  of  France  :  "The  genius  which  had 
freed  America,  and  poured  a  flood  of  light  over 
Europe,  had  returned  to  the  bosom  of  the 
Divinity." 

Nicolas  Tri'ibner,  in  the  interesting  Introduc- 
tion to  his  Guide  to  American  Literature, 
London,  1859,  points  out  that  until  1793  no 
American  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  litera- 
ture as  a  profession.  In  this  year  Charles 
Brockden  Brown's  first  novel  appeared.  The 
title  of  this  was  Wieland ;  or,  the  Transforma- 
tion. The  author  was  born  in  Philadelphia  in 
1771. 

The  great  historian  William  HicklingPrescott, 
whose  grandfather,  Colonel  William  Prescott, 
commanded    at    Bunker's    Hill,    was    born    at 


132  BOOKPLATES 

Salem,  in  Massachusetts,  in  1796.  In  1814 
he  graduated  from  Harvard  with  honours, 
although  in  181 1,  his  first  year  at  Harvard, 
he  had  lost  the  sight  of  one  eye,  and  shortly 
afterwards  the  other  eye  was  seriously  affected 
in  sympathy  with  it.  This  unfortunate  accident 
was  caused  by  a  blow  from  a  crust  of  bread 
thrown  at  random  at  a  college  dinner.  The 
years  from  1815  to  1817  he  spent  in  England, 
"delighting  not  the  less  in  the  charms  of 
nature  because  by  him  they  could  be  seen  only" 
as  through  a  glass,  darkly.  He  returned,  re- 
solved "that  the  ample  page  of  knowledge, 
rich  with  the  spoils  of  time,"  if  obscured  to 
his  external  organs,  should  be  no  stranger 
to  his  intellectual  vision. 

In  1837  his  first  great  work,  The  History  of 
Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  was  finished.  With 
inborn  modesty  he  did  not  mean  it  to  be  pub- 
lished; but  his  father,  Judge  William  Prescott, 
of  course  insisted  on  its  publication,  and  soon 
it  was  published,  not  only  in  the  author's  own 
tongue,  but  in  Germany,  France,  Spain,  and 
Italy,  in  the  respective  languages  of  those 
lands.  In  1843  appeared  The  History  of  the 
Conquest  of  Mexico,  and  in  1847  his  History  of 
the  Conquest  of  Peru.  Next  came  the  first 
volumes  of  the  great  work  which  Prescott  was 


BOOKPLATE-    IN    AMERICA       133 

never  destined  to  finish.  In  1S55  were  pub- 
lished the  two  first  volumes  of  The  Histo 
the  Reign  of  Philip  the  Second,  King  of  \' 
and  in  December,  1S5S,  appeared  the  third 
volume.  Early  in  the  year  he  had  been 
attacked  by  a  slight  stroke  of  paralysis.  Early 
in  the  next  year  this  was  followed  by  a  second, 
and  he  passed  away  on  January  28th,  185 
In  a  conversation  only  forty-eight  hours  before 
his  death  he  spoke  of  various  friends,  and  par- 
ticularly of  George  Ticknor,  whom  he  described 
as  "having  shortened  and  brightened  what, 
but  for  him,  must  have  been  many  a  sad  and 
weary  hour."  Asked  if  he  was  not  coming  to 
New  York,  he  said  :  "  Xo  ;  I  suppose  that  the 
davs  of  my  long  journeys  are  over.  I  must 
content  myself,  like  Horace,  with  my  three 
houses.  You  know  I  go  at  the  commencement 
of  summer  to  my  cottage  by  the  seaside  at 
Lvnn  Beach ;  and  at  autumn  to  my  patrimonial 
acres  at  Pepperell,  which  have  been  in  our 
family  for  two  hundred  years,  to  sit  under  the 
old  trees  I  sat  under  when  a  boy  ;  and  then 
with  winter  come  down  to  hibernate  in  this 
house.  This  is  the  only  travelling,  I  sup- 
pose, that  I  shall  do  until  I  go  to  my  long 
home." 

George  Ticknor.  to  whom  the  dving  historian 


134  BOOKPLATES 

Prescott  made  such  interesting  allusion,  was 
bom  at  Boston,  Massachusetts,  on  August  ist, 
1791,   and    from   early   childhood   displayed   a 

passion  for  hooks.  Ik-  became  a  banister, 
but  could  not  long  keep  away  from  literature 
and  learning.  In  1815  he  came  to  Europe,  and 
haunted  some  of  the  best  libraries  and  univer- 
sities of  the  Old  World.  Actually,  before  his 
return  home  to  America,  he  was,  in  1817, 
appointed  Smith  Professor  of  Modern  Lan- 
guages and  Literature  in  Harvard  College.  In 
1819  he  returned  to  America,  and  for  fifteen 
years  held  this  chair  of  teaching-,  delivering  all 
the  while  the  most  valuable  courses  of  lectures. 
In  1835  he  gave  up  his  professorship  in  order 
to  go  again  to  Europe  and  study  for  preparing 
his  great  book.  After  three  years  he  came 
back  to  his  native  land,  and,  in  1849,  The 
History  of  Spanish  Literature  was  first  pub- 
lished in  New  York  by  Harper  and  Brothers, 
in  London  by  John  Murray. 

Of  it  Washington  Irving  wrote  to  the 
author:  "No  one  that  has  not  been  in  Spain 
can  feel  half  the  merit  of  your  work,  but  to 
those  who  have  it  is  a  perpetual  banquet.  It 
is  well  worth  a  lifetime  to  achieve  such  a 
work." 

Washington  Irving,  almost  the  first  author 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA       135 

noticed  as  a  native  of  the  city  of  New  York, 
was  born  on  April  3rd,  1783.  His  father  was 
a  Scot,  and  his  mother  English.  Passing-  over 
interesting-  publications  like  Salmagundi ;  or, 
The  Whim-Whams,  and  Diedrich  Knicker- 
bocker's History  of  New  York,  we  come  to 
The  Sketch  Book,  first  issued  in  1819.  Curi- 
ously enough,  Washington  Irving,  as  a  fact, 
wrote  the  MS.  for  this  in  England  ;  but  it  was 
at  first  only  printed  and  published  in  New 
York.  Incidentally,  Lockhart,  in  Blackwood's 
Magazine,  February,  1820,  paid  a  high  com- 
pliment : — 

"We  are  greatly  at  a  loss  to  comprehend 
for  what  reason  Mr.  Irving  has  thought  fit  to 
publish  his  Sketch  Book  in  America  earlier  than 
in  Britain  ;  but,  at  all  events,  he  is  doing 
himself  great  injustice  by  not  having  an  edition 
printed  here  of  every  number  after  it  has 
appeared  in  New  York.  Nothing  has  been 
written  for  a  long  time  for  which  it  would  be 
more  safe  to  promise  great  and  eager  accept- 
ance." 

Washington  Irving's  fame  was  now  secure, 
and  these  few  concluding  words,  from  Allibone, 
must  suffice:  "When  Bracebridge  Hall  was 
ready  for  the  press,  in  1822,  Mr.  Murray  was 
ready  to  offer  1,000  guineas  for  the  copyright 


136  BOOKPLATES 

without  having  seen  the  MS.  He  obtained 
the  coveted  prize  al  his  offer,  and  subsequently 
gave  the  saint-  author  ^2,000  for  the  chronicle 
of  The  Gonguest  of  Granada^  and  j;,ooo  guineas 
for  the  History  of  the  Lift'  and  I  'oyages  of 
( 'kristopher  ( 'olumbus,  " 

Very  few  words  here  must  be  written  of 
John  Lothrop  Motley,  born  in  Massachusetts 
in  1814.  It  is  enough  to  mention  his  splendid 
work,  The  History  of  the  Rise  of  the  Dutch 
Republic.  Now,  from  what  is  gone  before,  it 
will  readily  be  granted  that  America  was  well 
prepared,  by  the  work  of  her  own  sons,  to 
take  a  proud  position  in  Literature,  and  in 
concluding  these  introductory  remarks  only 
one  honoured  name  shall  be  mentioned  fur- 
ther. 

Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow  was  born  in 
Portland,  Maine,  on  February  27th,  1807,  and 
was  descended  from  William  Longfellow,  who, 
born  in  Hampshire,  England,  in  165 1,  emi- 
grated to  Massachusetts.  The  chief  incidents 
of  the  life  of  Henry  Wadsworth  Longfellow 
are  like  household  words,  and  to  think  of 
all  that  is  pure  and  noble  in  America  without 
naming  him,  is  impossible.  All  his  writings 
are  instinct  with  the  breath  of  a  pure  and 
noble  life. 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      137 

"Softly  the  Angelus  sounded,  and  over  the  roofs  of  the 

village 
Columns    of   pale    blue    smoke,   like   clouds    of   incense 

ascending-, 
Rose  from  a  hundred  hearths,  the  homes  of  peace  and 

contentment. 
Thus    dwelt    together    in    love    those    simple    Acadian 

farmers, — 
Dwelt  in  the  love  of  God  and  of  man.     Alike  were  they 

free  from 
Fear,  that  reigns  with  the  tyrant,  and  envy,  the  vice  of 

republics. 
Neither  locks  had  they  to  their  doors,  nor  bars  to  their 

windows  ; 
But  their  dwellings  were  open  as  day  and  the  hearts  of 

the  owners  ; 
There  the  richest  was  poor,  and   the  poorest   lived   in 

abundance." 

Naturally  we  turn,  at  first,  to  look  at  books 
taken  to  America  by  early  English  and  Dutch 
settlers.  They  and  their  near  descendants, 
when  using  a  bookplate  at  all,  mostly  adopted 
an  armorial  plate.  Copper-plate  engraving-  was, 
of  course,  in  vogue  then,  and  most  of  their  ex 
libris  are  from  copper-plates.  There  are  a  few 
from  wood-blocks.  Of  comparatively  late  plates, 
some  are  steel  plates  ;  but  the  copper  are  usually 
the  more  satisfactory ;  the  steel  being  so  difficult 
to  work.  In  comparing  a  number  of  the  earlier 
specimens  of  bookplates  in  America  an  inter- 
esting point  involuntarily  arises.      From  which 


[38  BOOKPLATES 

of  two  views  is  an  ex  libris  the  more  interesting'? 
Is  it  a  work  of  art  or  a  piece  of  history?  In 
spite  of  all  that  skilled  designers  and  cunning- 
workers  in  metals  may  say,  the  majority  will 
probably  value  most  what  for  want  of  a 
better  name  may  be  called  the  historical 
aspect.  When  the  Tudor,  Stuart,  and  Guelph 
Exhibitions  were  held  in  London,  somewhat 
unfortunately  so  many  of  the  expert  critics, 
in  writing  of  portraits,  groups,  or  historical 
scenes,  seemed  only  able  to  write  from  a  pure 
art  point  of  view.  As  an  instance,  not  con- 
nected with  any  exhibition,  I  had,  but  am 
afraid  that  I  have  lost  it,  a  somewhat  seedy- 
looking  oil  painting,  perhaps  18x12  inches, 
which  depicted  an  earnest,  bent  old  figure  on 
horseback  returning  the  salute  of  a  wonder- 
struck  old  countryman  and  his  good  dame. 
Following  the  keen  old  horseman  is  another 
horse,  bearing  the  groom  with  despatch-bag. 
The  scene  is,  in  fact,  a  contemporary  repre- 
sentation from  life  of  "The  Duke  "just  before 
passing  out  of  Birdcage  Walk  for  Apsley 
House.  In  the  left  background  is  the  Welling- 
ton Monument,  as  many  of  us  remember  it, 
and  on  the  right  the  Hercules  statue.  These 
accessories  fix  the  date  as  in  the  last  few  years 
of  the  great  Duke's  life. 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA       139 

What  thousand -guinea  portrait,  plastered 
with  elaborate  uniform  and  robes  and  satu- 
rated with  a  learned  artist's  technical  postures 
and  perfections,  could  have  so  perfectly  pour- 
trayed  the  most  interesting  figure  ever  seen  in 
London  half  a  century  ago  ?  Field-Marshal 
Moltke  was  respected  throughout  Germany  as 
Der  Schweiger — the  Silent.  Wellington,  too, 
and  the  late  Lord  Salisbury  as  well,  did  not 
revel  in  long-winded  talk.  Once,  in  the  Duke's 
last  years,  he  had  become  very  unpopular  with 
the  ignorant  crowd.  Stepping  out  of  the 
House  of  Lords  into  Old  Palace  Yard,  he  was 
met  by  the  howls  and  threats  of  an  angry  mob. 
His  groom  was  there  with  the  aged  Duke's 
horse  for  him  to  ride  home  as  usual.  By  a 
sign,  sending  away  horse  and  groom,  the  calm 
old  veteran  walked  into  and  with  the  mob. 
Before  he  and  they  came  to  Apsley  House,  the 
wild  threats  and  jeers  had  become  good  British 
cheers.  The  old  man  spoke  no  single  word, 
but  only  pointed  to  his  study  windows,  which 
had  lately  been  barred  up  owing  to  a  mob 
breaking  the  glass. 

I  bought  this  painting  from  Charles  Dickens' 
friend,  old  Mrs.  Haines,  as  it  hung  in  her  inner 
parlour  or  sanctum.  I  also  bought  from  the 
old  lady  an  old  crockery  clock-case,  depicting 


i4o  BOOKPLATES 

the  young  Pretender  and  Flora  MacDonakl  ; 
also  a  separate  figure  of  Flora  MacDonald. 
The  old  dame  talked  the  while  of  her  recollec- 
tions ol'  uninteresting-  (!)  folk,  such  as  Lord 
Byron  and  Charles  Dickens.  To  hear  her  talk 
of  her  own  father,  a  Thames  waterman,  landing- 
Byron  at  the  Tower  stairs,  carried  one  in  fancy 
almost  back  to  Wenceslaus  Hollar's  London, 
with  its  picturesque  quaintness.  Describing 
Dickens'  appearance  when  first  he  came  to 
London,  she  spoke  of  him  as  having  somewhat 
the  look  of  a  groom.  Then  she  pointed  with 
pride  to  the  plain  chair  in  which  Dickens,  in 
later  years,  spent  many  an  hour  of  many  a  day 
reading  her  husband's  library  books. 

This  house,  No.  24,  Fetter  Lane,  has  long 
been  pulled  down,  and  the  foregoing  remarks 
are  from  my  memory  of  my  last  call  there 
about  nineteen  years  ago.  In  an  article  shortly 
afterwards  (5th  January,  1884)  in  the  Pall  Mall 
Gazette — I  have  just  looked  it  up  in  one  of  my" 
commonplace  books  —  are  many  curious  par- 
ticulars, and  two  good  illustrations:  "The 
walls  are  lined  all  round  with  books  that  have 
long  been  forgotten  by  the  world,  all  arranged 
with  some  attention  to  regularity.  A  little 
angular  counter  protects  them  from  the  profane 
touch  of  curio-hunters.     This  is  covered  with 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      141 

old  books,  prints,  tarnished  silver,  glass  cases, 
tattered  engravings,  and  paintings  cracked  and 
stained.  In  one  corner  Dame  Haines  sat  down. 
'  Here,'  she  said,  '  I  have  seen  Dickens  sit 
many  hundreds  of  times,  and  here  he  used  to 
lean  his  shoulder  on  the  counter.  Ah  !  '  she 
went  on,  making  a  movement  with  her  hands, 
and  with  ecstasy  expressed  on  every  one  of  her 
wrinkled  features,  '  I  can  see  him  now,  with 
his  pleasant  face,  his  quiet,  rippling  laugh  and 
his  gentle  ways." 

Now,  the  earlier  bookplates  hailing  from  the 
more  northern  colonies  of  America  differ 
generally  from  those  of  southern  colonies. 
Most  of  the  early  northern  families  were  of 
stern,  unimaginative  mettle,  rather  despising 
as  unholy  anything  so  "worldly"  as  an  ex  libris, 
and  bringing  few  such  gewgaws  with  them  in 
their  trunks.  On  the  other  hand,  what  book- 
plates they  in  time  adopted  were  home-made, 
and  if  not  fine  works  of  art,  they  were  of  essen- 
tial interest  as  a  bit  of  history. 

The  southern  colonies,  on  the  other  hand, 
were  frequented  by  a  more  polished  and 
wealthy  class,  bringing  along  with  them  the 
trappings  and  social  trinkets  of  their  old 
society. 

Mr.  E.  N.  Hewins,  in  his  extremely  valuable 


r42  BOOKPLATES 

treatise  on  American  bookplates,  gives  the 
book-label  of  the  Rev.  John  Williams,  dated 
1679,  as  the  earliest  dated  example.  This  is 
particularly  interesting-,  as  the  said  John 
Williams  was  a  native.  He  was  born  at 
Roxbury,  in  Massachusetts,  his  grandfather 
having  settled  there  in  about  the  year  1638. 

John  Williams  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1683, 
was  ordained  in  1688,  and  became  the  first 
pastor  of  Deerfield,  a  frontier  town.  On  the 
night  of  February  28th,  1704,  Deerfield  was 
attacked  by  about  300  French  and  Indians. 
A  great  number  of  citizens  were  captured  ;  two 
of  John  Williams'  children  and  a  negro  servant 
were  killed  ;  and  then  he,  with  his  wife  and 
remaining  children,  were  forced  to  march  for 
Canada.  On  the  second  day  out,  his  wife, 
falling  exhausted,  was  at  once  slain  with  a 
tomahawk.  Urged  on,  they  marched  300  miles 
to  their  destination. 

After  a  long  while  John  Williams  was  ran- 
somed, and  came  back  to  his  faithful  charge  of 
Deerfield  in  1706.  One  daughter,  Eunice,  was 
still  kept  a  captive,  and  her  after  history  was 
very  remarkable.  She  was  only  a  child  of 
eight  when  captured  ;  but  in  time  she  for- 
got the  English  language,  became  a  Roman 
Catholic,  and  married  an  Indian.     She  lived  to 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA       143 

a  great  age,  and  several  times  visited  her 
relations,  but  refused  to  give  up  any  of  the 
habits  or  dress  of  Indian  life. 

Another  early  native-wrought  label  ex  libris 
is  that  dated  1704  for  the  books  of  Thomas 
Prince.  He,  too,  was  of  an  old  stock,  his 
grandfather    having    emigrated    from    Hull    in 

l633- 

Thomas  Prince  became  pastor  of  the  Old 
South  Church  in  Boston.  A  fine  scholar  and 
linguist,  he  made  valuable  collections,  both 
manuscript  and  in  print.  Some  of  these  stored 
in  the  tower  of  the  Old  South  Church,  of 
great  interest  for  the  early  history  of  America, 
were  unfortunately  destroyed  by  the  British 
forces  in   1775. 

Now  we  find  a  bookplate  known  to  have  been 
engraved  on  copper  by  a  native  engraver. 

Nathaniel  Hurd,  whose  grandfather,  emigra- 
ting from  England,  settled  in  Charlestown, 
Massachusetts,  was  probably  the  first  American 
who  engraved  copper-plates.  His  best  designs 
had  humour  and  character.  One  of  his  well- 
known  plates  represents  Hudson,  the  forger, 
in  the  pillory.  He  engraved  a  seal  for  Harvard 
University.  Hurd  was  born  in  1730,  and  only 
lived  to  1777. 

Hewins     gives     Hurd's     plate     of    Thomas 


144  BOOKPLATES 

Dering,  1749,  as  the  firsl  American  plate  by 
an  American  engraver  which  is  both  signed 
and   dated. 

Much  interest  among  bookplate  collectors 
lias,  of  course,  centred  round  the  plate  of 
(ieorge  Washington,  both  on  account  of  its 
being  George  Washington's,  and  being  rare. 
It  is  a  good  armorial  Chippendale  plate. 
Learned  inquirers  have  failed  to  establish  who 
engraved  it,  and  on  which  side  of  the  broad 
Atlantic  ! 

The  plate  of  the  next  worthy  to  be  named  is 
a  line  armorial  ex  libris  with  the  motto  :  "  nee 
elatus  nee  dejectus."  The  owner  of  this  plate 
was  Isaiah  Thomas,  born  in  Boston  in  1749, 
and  dying  at  Worcester,  also  in  Massachusetts, 
in  183 1  ;  he  was,  at  six  years  old,  apprenticed 
to  Zachariah  Fowler,  ballad  printer.  In  1770 
Thomas  became  partner  with  his  former  master. 
Together  they  issued  the  Massachusetts  Spy, 
"open  to  all  parties,  but  influenced  by  none." 
Thomas  was  soon  left  alone  in  his  undertakings. 
A  few  days  before  the  battle  of  Lexington,  in 
which  he  bore  his  part,  he  packed  up  his  press 
and  types,  and  took  them  by  night  to  Worcester. 
There  he  resumed  the  issue  of  the  Spy,  which, 
at  all  events  in  1888,  was  still  being  regularly 
issued.     In  1786  he  got  from  Europe  the  first 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      145 

fount  of  music  ever  used  in  New  England. 
In  1788  he  opened  a  book  store  in  Boston.  In 
1 791  he  issued  the  Bible  in  folio.  He  gave  his 
own  fine  collection  of  books,  amounting  to 
8,000  volumes,  to  the  Worcester  Antiquarian 
Library. 

Of  him  William  Lincoln  wrote  :  "  His  re- 
putation will  rest  on  manly  independence, 
which  gave  through  the  initiator)'  stage  and 
progress  of  the  Revolution,  the  strong  influence 
of  the  press  he  directed,  towards  the  cause  of 
freedom,  when  royal  flattery  would  have 
seduced,  and  the  power  of  government  subdued, 
its  action." 

The  wreath  and  armorial  bookplate  of  John 
Quincy  Adams,  sixth  President  of  the  United 
States,  is  almost  more  pleasing  to  behold 
than  one  could  expect  to  have  been  chosen  by 
one  of  the  very  sternest  old  Puritans  that  ever 
breathed  ;  but,  after  all,  John  Quincy  Adams 
was  a  scholar  and  man  of  affairs,  who  from 
early  boyhood  had  travelled  much,  and  in  good 
company.  All  this  would  give  him  some  ideas 
of  good  taste.  "J.  Q.  A."  seems  to  lead 
involuntarily  to  the  thought  of  another  wreath 
and  armorial  bookplate  of  a  not  less  interesting 
character. 

The  lawyer,  Josiah  Quincy,  was  born  in  1744, 

L 


146  BOOKPLATES 

in  Boston,  and  died  at  sea  in  1775  ;  but  much 
happened  in  that  short  spell  of  years.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  to  say  in  plain  terms,  "that 
an  appeal  to  arms,  followed  by  a  separation 
from  the  mother-country,  was  inevitable." 
Early  in  1773,  when  already  suffering'  from 
consumption,  he  took  a  voyage  under  doctor's 
orders  ;  but,  returning  to  Boston,  he  was 
present  in  the  Old  South  Meeting-house  on 
December  16th,  and  as  the  men,  disguised  as 
Indians,  rushed  past  the  door  on  their  way  to 
the  tea-ships,  he  exclaimed:  "See  the  clouds 
which  now  rise  thick  and  fast  upon  our  horizon, 
the  thunders  roll  and  the  lightnings  play,  and 
to  that  God  who  rides  on  the  whirlwind  and 
directs  the  storm,  I  commit  my  country." 

The  plate,  with  armorial  shield  and  crest,  of 
Dr.  John  Jeffries  may  be  remembered,  though 
no  draughtsman  or  engraver's  name  is  tied  to 
it,  as  the  bookplate  of  the  man  who,  in  Boston, 
in  1789,  delivered  the  first  lecture  on  anatomy 
ever  given  in  New  England. 

We  may  turn  now  from  surgeons  to  a  doctor 
of  divinity.  The  plate  of  Samuel  Farmar 
Jarvis,  d.d.  ,  here  reproduced  from  my  copy 
of  Bingley's  Voyagers — in  which  Jarvis  has 
written:  "To  my  dear  Edrica  Faulkner  a 
small   token   of    resrard  from   her   affectionate 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      147 

friend  Saml  Farmer  Jarvis.  Siena,  Septemb, 
24.  1832." — is  described  by  Hewins  as:  "Ar- 
morial. Literary.  Mottoes  '  Hora  e  sempre,' 
and  '  Sola  salus  servire  Deo.'  The  shield  rests 
against  a  pile  of  books,  and,  above,  the  cross 
and  crown  are  seen  in  a  blaze  of  glory." 

S.  F.  Jarvis,  son  of  the  bishop,  was  born  at 
Middletown,  in  Connecticut,  in  1786,  and  from 
his  tastes  and  scholarship  his  name  is  well 
worthy  of  record  where  books  are  concerned. 
In  1826  he  sailed  for  England,  and  spent  nine 
years  in  literary  study,  exploring  many  of  the 
great  libraries  of  Europe.  The  fruit  of  these 
labours  may  be  seen  in  some  valuable  works 
afterwards  published.  His  fine  collection  of 
paintings  and  interesting  library  were  sold 
after  his  death  in  185 1. 

Leaving  now  the  armorial  plates,  and  coming 
to  a  literary  name  which  is  almost  as  familiar 
a  sound  in  London  as  in  New  York,  we  find 
the  bookplate  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  a 
charming  original  design  —  a  nautilus  shell, 
with  the  motto  "  per  ampliora  ad  altiora." 

"  If  you  will  look  into  Roget's  Bridgewater 
Treatise,"  said  the  autocrat  one  morning, 
"  you  will  find  a  figure  of  one  of  these  shells 
and  a  section  of  it.  The  last  will  show  you 
the  series  of  enlarging  compartments  succes- 


1 48  BOOKPLATES 

sivclv  dwelt  in  by  the  animal  that  inhabits  the 
shell,  which  is  built  in  a  widening  spiral." 

"  Build  thee  more  stately  mansions,  <*  my  soul,  as  the 

swin  seasons  roll ! 
Leave  thy  low-vaulted  past  ! 
Let  each  new  temple  nobler  than  the  last, 
Shut  thee  from  heaven  with  a  dome  1111. re  vast, 
Till  thou  at  length  art  free, 
Leaving  thine  outgrown  shell  by  life's  unresting-  sea," 

A  very  curious  plate  is  that  of  Laurence 
Hutton,  the  author.  The  plate  consists  mainly 
of  a  full-length  portrait  of  William  Make- 
peace Thackeray,  with  "  Laurence  Hutton  "  in- 
scribed under  it  !  The  author  of  Vanity  Fair 
stands  in  an  arched  doorway,  which  leads  to 
bookcases  and  books.  Laurence  Hutton  was 
born  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  1843.  As  a 
writer  he  is  well  known  on  both  sides  of  the 
ocean,  and  for  twenty  years  he  always  spent 
the  summer  months  in  England. 

Turning;  from  peace  to  war,  the  bookplate  of 
Lieutenant  E.  Trenchard,  of  the  United  States 
Navy,  represents  another  side  of  life.  In 
this  plate,  as,  happily,  in  almost  all  bookplates 
of  American  origin,  the  name  is  there  clear 
and  unmistakable.  Behind  the  horizontal  oval 
bearing  the  name,  are  flags,  cannon,  cannon- 
balls,  and  an  anchor.     The  owner  of  this  plate 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      149 

was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1784,  and  on  April 
30th,  1800,  he  was  appointed  a  midshipman  in 
the  United  States  Navy,  and  became  lieu- 
tenant on  February  18th,  1807.  I*1  the  war  of 
181 2  to  1815  he  commanded  the  Madison  in 
some  of  her  engagements  on  Lake  Ontario, 
and  also  rendered  distinguished  service  at  the 
blockade  of  Kingston.  These  were  stirring 
times,  and  the  following  exact  quotation  from, 
not  improbably,  the  only  copy  in  existence  of  a 
tiny  printed  manual,  is  of  real  interest.  Following 
Article  II.  are  many  other  regulations.  Then, 
Firelock  Manual  of  the  Sergeants,  and  the  full 
name  of  every  member  of  this  patriotic  band. 

CONSTITUTION. 

Instituted  March  7,  1805.      Revised  February  24,  1807. 

PREAMBLE. 

At  the  present  crisis,  when  war  is  spreading'  its  ravages 
over  the  European  world,  and  states  and  empires  are 
buried  in  its  ruins,  and  whilst  all  Governments  must 
depend  upon  their  military  strength  for  their  existence, 
it  becomes  indispensably  necessary  to  every  young  man 
to  make  the  art  of  war  a  study,  that  he  may  be  ever 
ready  to  turn  out  in  defence  of  the  honour  and  independ- 
ence of  his  country. 

WE  the  undersigned  Non-Commissioned  Officers  of 
Infantry  of  the  third  Brigade,  first  Division,  Massa- 
chusetts Militia,  impressed  with  a  sense  of  the  above 


i5o  BOOKPLATES 

remarks,  ii.  associated  lor  the  purpose  of  meeting 
and  practii  (fig  the  Manual  Exercise,  ami  all  m«  h  Com- 
pany Manoeuvres  as  we  can  unitedly  collect,  that  are 
necessar}  for  us  to  understand;  thereby  forming  a 
Military  School,  which  we  hope  will  ever  be  a  source 
of  improvement  to  its  members.  We  have,  therefore, 
subscribed  to  the  following  articles  as  our  Constitution, 
and  do  most  solemnly  pledge  our  lion. mis  to  abide  and 
be  governed  by  them  in  e\ery  respect. 

Article   I. 
This  Assoeiat  ion  shall  be  styled  "THE  SOUL  OF  THE 

Soldiery."  * 

Article   II. 
No  one  shall  be  a  member  unless  he  actually  holds  a 
Warrant    in    the    Infantry    of    the    third    Brigade,    first 
Division,  Massachusetts   Militia. 

A  splendid  non-armorial  and  naval  plate  is 
the  bookplate  with  the  name  "Stephen  Cleve- 
land" under  the  engraving  of  a  fine  man-of-war 
of  the  old  time  in  full  sail. 

Stephen  Cleveland  went  to  sea  in  1756,  being 
seized  in  Boston,  and  pressed  for  a  British  man- 
of-war.  His  father,  a  clergyman,  founded,  in 
1750,  at  Halifax,  the  first  Presbyterian  church 
in  Canada.  On  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
Stephen  Cleveland  was  given  a  captain's  com- 
mission,   and    brought    over    from    Bordeaux 

*  The  name  given  to  the  non-commissioned  officers  of 
the  Continental  Army  by  Baron  Stuben. 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      151 

valuable  munitions  of  war.  His  commission 
is  said  to  have  been  the  earliest  issued  by  the 
American  Government. 

Of  quite  modern  plates  a  good  specimen  is 
that  of  a  well-known  New  York  collector, 
Mr.  Eduard  Hale  Bierstadt.  The  style  is 
allegorical  ;  a  piping-  shepherd,  naked,  but  for 
a  sergeant's  sash !  Books  and  flowers,  with 
the  motto:   "nunc  mihi  mox  aliis." 

A  very  pleasing,  particularly  because  un- 
pretending, plate  is  that  of  "  Melvin  H. 
Hapgood.  Hartford,  Conn.  U.S.A."  It  is 
but  little  more  than  a  very  finely  ornamented 
label  including  a  very  small  shield-of-arms. 

"Thomas  Bailey  Aldrich  His  Mark"  is  the 
inscription  on  the  frame  bordering  a  rect- 
angular modern  bookplate.  Inside  is  a  bird 
over  a  mask,  and,  failing  more  serious  emblems, 
the  idea  of  the  bird  as  a  young  rook  is  not 
inappropriate  to  the  familiar  expression  "his 
mark." 

A  more  pretentious  plate,  and  well  illustrated 
by  Mr.  Hewins,  is  that  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph 
Henry  Dubbs,  professor  in  Franklin  and 
Marshall  College.  In  the  middle  is  a  shield- 
of-arms  fastened  in  front  of  a  spreading  oak 
tree.  The  several  inscriptions  are  :  "  1880 
Joseph  Henry  Dubbs  D:D: — ex  recto  decus — " 


\$2  BOOKPLATES 

and    the   migrations   6f   the   family   noted    as 
follows:      "  Styria      [446;      Helvetia      [531  ; 
America  1732." 
Of  modem  American  library  interior  ex  libris 

may  be  mentioned  James  Phinney  Baxter's, 
with  an  easy-chair,  a  table,  an  old  clock,  and 
rows  of  books.  Louis  J.  Haber's  plate  be- 
speaks ease  and  comfort.  Here,  as  usual, 
are  the  rows  of  books,  and  the  old  motto  : 
11  My  silent  but  faithful  friends  are  they." 

Albert  C.  Bates's  bookplate  reproduces  an 
early  woodcut  of  a  Leyden  University  old 
library,   with  its  chained  books. 

A  beautiful  plate,  mentioned  by  Mr.  Hewins, 
is  the  coloured  ex  libris  of  Gerald  E.  Hart,  of 
Montreal,  representing  the  interior  of  a  cell 
in  some  medieval  monastery,  with  a  tonsured 
monk  sitting  on  his  stone  bench,  illuminating 
a  manuscript.  The  Gothic  window  admits 
light  through  its  highly  coloured  design,  and 
rows  of  vellum  lie  beside  the  desk  of  the  old 
monk. 

Leaving  library  interiors,  we  note,  amongst 
scores  of  other  good  literary  bookplates,  that 
of  the  Rev.  Wm.  R.  Huntington,  Rector  of 
Grace  Church,  New  York  City,  a  design  adapted 
from  a  frontispiece  by  Walter  Crane  for  the 
Fairy  Tales   of  the    Brothers   Grimm,  and   in 


BOOKPLATES   IN   AMERICA      153 

which  a  curly-locked  youth  is,  with  a  huge  key 
in  hand,  opening-  the  door  of  a  house.  Upon 
the  roof  are  seen  two  cupids,  making  pleasant 
sounds  with  lyre  and  voice.  With  this  plate 
is  the  charming  motto  :   "In  veritate  victoria." 

Many  pleasing  American  ex  libris  are  not 
personal  at  all.  The  bookplate  of  the  Grolier 
Club  is  in  itself  a  beautiful  object,  befitting  a 
society  which,  although  only  founded  in  New 
York  less  than  twenty  years  ago,  occupies 
such  a  unique  position  in  literary  circles. 

Of  a  far  different  style  is  the  allegorical 
plate  inscribed:  "This  Book  belongs  to  the 
Monthly  Library  in  Farmington.  Laws.  1.  Two 
pence  per  day  for  retaining  a  Book  more  than 
one  Month.  2.  One  penny  for  folding  down  a 
Leaf.  3.  3  shillings  for  lending  a  book  to 
a  Nonproprietor.  Other  Damages  apprais'd 
by  a  Committee.  5.  No  Person  allowed  a 
Book  while  indebted  for  a  Fine." 

The  following  lines  probably  refer  to  the 
allegorical  drawing  : — 

"  The  youth  who  Led  by  Wisdom's  guiding  Hand 
Seeks  Virtue's  Temple,  and  her  Law  Reveres  : 
He,  he  alone  in  Honour's  Dome  shall  stand, 
Crown'd  with  Rewards,  and  rais'd  above  his  Peers." 

At  the  foot  of  the  plate  is  "  M.  Bull's  and 
T.    Lee's  sculp."     This  said  Martin  Bull  was 


154  BOOKPLATES 

an  interesting  village  character.  For  thirty- 
nine  years  he  held  the  post  of  clerk  of  pro- 
bate, and  for  eight  years  was  town  treasurer. 
He  also  worked  ;es  a  goldsmith,  manufactured 
saltpetre  for  the  army,  and  conducted  the 
church  choir  !  This  interesting  local  library 
was  founded  in  1795,  and  then  was  called  "  The 
Library  in  the  First  Society  in  Farmington." 
In  1801  it  acquired  the  name  engraved  over 
the  bookplate. 


CHAPTER    XII 

INSCRIPTIONS    IN    BOOKS 

John  Collet  of  Little  Gidding  —  A  book  that  was  in  the 
Battle  of  Corunna — Henry  Howard — Sir  Percivall  Hart 
— John  Crane  and  the  Battle  of  Naseby. 

IN  a  work  treating  of  bookplates  some  space 
devoted  to  the  subject  of  inscriptions  in 
books  can  hardly  be  out  of  place.  In  the 
view  of  the  real  book-lover — and  no  others  are 
asked  to  look  at  this  volume — a  book,  until 
actually  destroyed,  is  a  very  living-  reality.  As 
he  takes  it  carefully  into  his  hands  he  thinks  of 
the  wondrous  thoughts  and  deeds  that  may  be 
unfolded  between  its  covers.  He  also  thinks, 
if  it  be  an  old  book,  of  the  host  of  scenes  of 
other  days  through  which  the  book  has  passed. 
Bookplates  in  it  of  former  owners  are  of  in- 
terest ;  but  so,  too,  in  a  very  striking  manner, 
are  any  manuscript  names  and  notes  of  former 
owners. 

After   these   few  words,   the   following   few 
notes  will  probably  speak  for  themselves. 


156  BOOKPLATES 

The  following1  curious  inscription  is  at  the 
beginning  of  a  precious  Little  Gidding  large 
folio  volume  in  the  British  Museum.  The 
pressmark  is  1  23.  e  2  : — 

"Johannes  Collet, 

Filius 

Thomae  Collet, 

Pater 

Thomas  Gulielmi  Johannis, 

Omnium  superstes, 

Natus 

Quarto  Junii   1633, 

Denasciturus, 

Quando  Deo  visum  fuerit, 

Interim  hujus  proprietarius. 


John  Collet." 


The  armorial  bookplate  of  Robert  Chambers 
is  of  interest,  as  I  have  it  in  a  copy  of  the 
Bible  which  has  passed  through  terrible  ex- 
periences, as  related  in  The  Times,  23rd  October, 
1902,  and  given  more  fully  below  : — 

"The  Holy  Bible  containing  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments  :  translated  out  of  the  original 
tongues,  and  with  the  former  translations 
diligently  compared  and  revised. 

By  His  Majesty's  Special  Command. 
Appointed  to  be  read  in  Churches. 


INSCRIPTIONS  IN  BOOKS         157 

"  Edinburgh,  Printed  by  Sir  J.  H.  Blair  and 
J.  Bruce,  Printers  to  the  King's  Most  Excellent 
Majesty.      1799-" 

It  carries  the  following  inscriptions  : — 

"this  Bible 

is  a  token  of  respect  to 

Wm  Chambers 

from  his  Sister  Mary 

on  the  23d  of  Septr  1805 

and  hopes  he  will  esteem  it 

and  By  the  Grace  of  it's  Author 

find  in  it  a  faithfull 

Companion  a  Wise  Counseler 

a  Comfortable  and  Sure  Guide 

through  every  Dispensation 

of  Life  that  it  may  Please 

the  Almighty  to  Place 

—  him  in—" 

"  Wm  Chambers  his  Book  /  Gibralter  Oct1'  24th 
1806" 

"In  case  of  Death  By  Accident  I  trust  the 
Person  Whoever  this  Book  may  fall  in  their 
hands  that  will  send  a  Line  to  the  Person 
mentioned  in  the  above  hand.  Intimating  the 
same     Oct1'  24  1806  Wm  Chambers  " 

Then,  happily,  in  another  inscription,  signed 
"  R.  Chambers,"  we  get  the  story  com- 
pleted : — 


i;S  BOOKPLATES 

"  W"  Chambers  of  the42nd 
Lost  liis  Life  by  Accidenl  Feby 
20"'  1807  at  Gibralter  this  Bible 
fell  to  the  cart'  of  his  Comrade 

Andrew  Leach  and  became 
his  Companion  through  many 
troubles  they  landed  at  Lisbon 
Sept  2d  1808  and  from  their 
they  Marched  to  Salamanca 
in  Spain  from  which  they 
retreated  under  the  greatest 
hardships  to  Coruna 
where  on  the  16th  of  Jany  1809 
they  were  preserved  in  a  most 
dreadfull  Conflict  with  the 
Enemy  and  on  the  27  landed 
Safe  in  England     he  sent 
this  object  of  his  Care  and 
Consolation  to  me  April  10th 
1809  R  Chambers  " 

On  a  fly-leaf  at  the  end  of  the  Bible  are  the 
three  following  separate  inscriptions  :  — 

"Col  Wild,  Malta 
Serv1  Name  John  Bacchens  " 

"William  Chambers 
Born  Anno  Domini 
Sep*  13th  1782" 


"  Mary  Chambers 
her  Book  April  19  1809  " 


INSCRIPTIONS  IN  BOOKS         159 

Robert  Chambers  has  cut  the  printed  name 
off  the  foot  of  his  bookplate  and  pasted  it 
above,  so  as  not  to  cover  the  earlier  inscrip- 
tion :  "Wm  Chambers  his  Book,  Gibralter 
Octr  24th  1806."  I  have  just  bought  this  relic 
of  Corunna — where  Sir  John  Moore  ended  his 
glorious  life  amid  the  fires  of  victory — from 
Mr.  William  Harper,  a  second-hand  bookseller 
of  the  true  old-fashioned  type,  a  man  to  whom 
a.  book  is  an  object  of  reverence.  He  cata- 
logued the  late  Edward  Solly's  interesting 
library.  His  old  chief,  Andrew  Clark,  bought 
it  at  the  sale,  of  which  I  quote  the  catalogue 
title  in  full,  from  good  Andrew  Clark's  own 
marked  copy:  "removed  from  Gray's  Inn.  A 
catalogue  of  the  valuable  Library  of  3000 
vols,  containing  several  excellent  works  on 
Topography,  Theology,  Law,  History,  and 
Miscellanies  :  many  of  the  best  editions  of 
the  classics,  a  very  curious  collection  of  old 
Bibles,  In  nearly  all  languages,  illuminated 
missals,  breviaries,  and  old  MSS.  in  good 
preservation,  And  various  works,  in  nearly 
all  classes  of  Literature,  many  being  exceed- 
ingly curious  and  scarce,  Which  will  be  sold 
by  Auction  by  Mr.  Geo.  Berry  at  the  auction 
rooms,  Quality  Court,  Chancery  Lane,  on 
Thursday,    June    29th,     1854,    and    Following 


160  BOOKPLATES 

Day,  at  ii  for  12  oclock,  each  day,  without 
rve,  By  direction  of  the  Executors  of  the 
late  Robert  Chambers  Esq.  Barrister  at  Law. 
May  be  viewed  the  day  prior  and  Morning  of 
Sale  ;  and  Catalogues  had  at  the  place  of  Sale  ; 
And  of  the  Auctioneer,  no.  8a,  Motcomb 
Street,  Belgrave  Square.  H.  D.  Pite,  Printer, 
37  Cheyne  Walk,  Chelsea." 

"Q.F.  F.Q.S. 

Hunc  librum  pro  summo  suo  in  Tyrones  apud 
eum  Literas  discentes  studio,  D  Robertus 
Spence  Ludimagister  in  Schola  illustri  Edin- 
burgensi  Jacobi  Regis  Scotorum  ejus  nominis 
Sexti,  Gulielmo  Binning-  discipulo  suo,  hoc 
anno  Syntaxi  Latine  operam  navanti,  tanquam 
latae  a  condiscipulis  victorias  palmarium,  & 
futurae  diligentiae  &  industrial  incitamentum, 
dono  dedit. 

Prid:  Id:  Ian: 
MDCCXXVIII" 

is  inscribed  at  the  beginning  of  a  copy  of 
phrases  "linguae  latinas,  ab  aldo  manutio  p.f. 
conscriptae:  ....  londini  excusum  pro  Socie- 
tate  Stationariorum.    1636." 

"M.  DC.  VIII 

IllustrissimoNorthamtoniaeComitiDno  Henrico  Howarde 

regiae  Maiestati  a  secretis  et  sanctiaribus  consiliis. 

Ouinque  Portuum  pra^fecto  vigilantissimo 

in  noui  formosissimi  ineuntis  Anni 

auspitium  Perceuillas  Harte 

LL:  MM.  DD:" 


INSCRIPTIONS  IN  BOOKS         161 

This  inscription  was  in  a  book  in  splendid 
English  sixteenth-century  binding,  which  be- 
longed then  to  the  Royal  Society,  and  has  the 
well-known  old  bookplate  of  the  Royal  Society. 
Nothing  now  remains  but  one  cover  and  three 
fly-leaves. 

The  Henry  Howard  of  this  interesting  in- 
scription was  born  at  Shottesham,  in  Norfolk, 
on  February  25th,  1539,  being  the  second  son 
of  Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  the 
younger  brother  of  Thomas  Howard,  fourth 
Duke  of  Norfolk.  His  father  dying  when  he 
was  but  seven  years  old,  he  was  left  to  the  care 
of  his  aunt,  the  Duchess  of  Richmond,  and 
lived  at  Reigate,  a  manor  of  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk's,  under  the  tutorship  of  John  Foxe, 
the  martyrologist.  On  Queen  Mary's  accession 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  grandfather,  was 
released  from  prison,  and  he  dismissed  Foxe. 
Howard  was  now  put  under  the  care  of  a 
zealous  Catholic,  John  White,  Bishop  first  of 
Lincoln  and  then  of  Winchester.  Soon  came 
another  turn  of  the  wheel— Mary  died!  Eliza- 
beth turned  White  out  of  his  bishopric,  herself 
took  charge  of  Howard's  education  and  sent 
him  to  King's  College,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  in  1564. 

In  1572  his  brother,  now  Duke  of  Norfolk, 
M 


162  BOOKPLATES 

was  accused  of  plotting  to  marry  Mary  Queen 
of  Scots,  and  Banister,  the  Duke's  confidential 
agent,  declared  in  his  confession  that  Henry 
was  the  subject  first  proposed  for  the  hand  of 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots.  Henry  Howard  was  at 
once  seized,  but  proving-  his  innocence  to  Eliza- 
beth's satisfaction, he  was  released,  and  a  pension 
assigned  to  him.  To  follow  him  would  be  to 
write  an  elaborate  book  ;  but,  in  short,  his  life 
of  seventy-four  years  was  too  full  of  variety  to 
be  peaceful  or  pleasant.  He  was  constantly 
suspected  of  strong-  Roman  Catholic  sym- 
pathies, and  he  was  often  in  close  corre- 
spondence with  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  although, 
as  regards  the  tendency  of  his  influence,  he 
himself  at  least  said  that  he  gave  her  the 
prudent  advice  to  "  abate  the  sails  of  her  royal 
pride." 

At  all  events,  much  romance  must  always 
attach  to  the  name  of  anyone  who,  like  Henry 
Howard,  was  oft  exchanging  tokens  with  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots.  In  the  latter  years  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  he  entered  into  a  secret  correspond- 
ence with  James  of  Scotland,  who  wrote  to  him 
often  on  intimate  terms,  and  who,  on  hearing 
of  Elizabeth's  death,  sent  Howard  a  ruby  as  a 
token.  On  January  ist,  1604,  Howard  became 
Lord   Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports,   and  soon 


INSCRIPTIONS  IN  BOOKS         163 

afterwards  Baron  Howard  of  Marnhull,  Dorset- 
shire, and  Earl  of  Northampton.  In  the  next 
year  he  was  made  a  Knight  of  the  Garter,  and 
in  1608  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Lord 
Privy  Seal. 

Sir  Percivall  Hart,  Chief  Server,  and  Knight 
Harbinger  to  Henry  VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  Mary, 
and  Elizabeth,  died  in  1580,  leaving  a  son, 
Sir  Percivall  Hart,  who  married  twice,  first  to 
Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Richard  Manwood, 
Knight,  Chief  Baron  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer, 
by  whom  he  had  a  son,  William  ;  and  his  second 
wife  was  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Stan- 
hope of  Grimston,  Knight,  by  whom  he  had 
issue  Sir  Henry  Hart,  Knight  of  the  Bath,  who 
died  in  his  father's  lifetime,  having  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  —  Burdet,  and  a  widow 
of  Sir  Simon  Norwich,  by  whom  he  left 
Percyval,  Francis,  George,  and  Elizabeth, 
who  died  young  ;  Percyval  and  Jerome,  who 
died  without  issue ;  and  George,  who  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  —  Berisford,  and  left 
two  sons,  Percival  and  George,  and  two 
daughters,  Jane  and  Elizabeth. 

William  Hart,  only  son  of  Sir  Percyval  by 
his  first  wife,  succeeded  his  father  in  the  pos- 
session of  Lullingstone,  and  died  on  March  31st, 
167 1,    aged    seventy-seven,    and    was    buried 


1 64  BOOKPLATES 

there.  He  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Sir  Anthony  YVeldon,  of  Swanscombe,  Knight, 
who  died  in  1677,  and  lies  buried  there,  by 
whom  he  had  no  issue,  upon  which  the 
Manor  of  Lullingstone  descended  to  Percyval 
Hart,  Esq.,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Henry  Hart, 
Knight  of  the  Bath,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Percyval 
Hart,  Knight,  by  his  second  wife  as  above- 
mentioned.  He  was  afterwards  knighted, 
and  left  issue  by  Anne,  his  wife,  one  son, 
Percyval  Hart,  Esq.,  who  was  of  Lullingstone, 
was  sheriff  in  1707,  and  Member  of  Parliament 
for  the  county  in  the  ninth  and  twelfth  years 
of  Queen  Anne.  He  died  October  27th,  1738, 
aged  seventy,  and  was  buried  in  Lullingstone 
Church,  having  by  Sarah,  his  wife,  youngest 
daughter  of  Henry  Dixon  of  Hilden,  Esquire,  an 
only  daughter  and  heir,  Anne,  then  married 
to  her  second  husband,  Sir  Thomas  Dyke 
of  Hexham,  in  Sussex,   Baronet. 

The  notes  given  below,  and  many  more,  all 
evidently  in  the  hand  of  John  Crane,  are  in  a 
1649  coP>'  °f  Reliqiiicv  Sacrcc  Caroline?: — 

Look  back  in  the  Record  Office  to  the  time 
of  Naseby  fight.    There  is  written  as  follows  : — 

1645,  June  23rd- — Ordered  in  the  Comon's 
House  this  day  that  the  23  members  here 
named    are    added    to    the    committee    where 


INSCRIPTIONS  IN  BOOKS  165 
Mr.  Tate  hath  the  chaire,  and  are  to  meete 
tomorrowe  morning-  att  7  of  ye  clocke  in  ye 
Queenes  Court,  and  to  appoint  persons  to 
transcribe  those  particulars  (in  the  several 
letters  and  papers  taken  at  Naseby  field)  that 
are  most  materiall,  and  to  consider  what  shall 
be  done  with  the  Portugall  Agent,  and  to 
examine  Mr.  Browne  &  his  sonne  (if  ye  House 
sitt  not)  when  they  are  brought  up. 

This  Mr.  Tate  has  been  indexed  as  Zouch 
Tate,  M.P.  for  Northampton,  chairman  of  the 
committee  for  regulating  the  armies. 

Baker's  Northamptonshire  relates  that  John 
Crane,  of  Loughton,  Bucks,  Clerk  of  the 
Household  to  James  the  First  and  Charles  the 
First,  was  living  in  165 1  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
five  and  lived  long  after  that.  He  married 
Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Tresham. 
They  had  many  children,  including  a  son  John 
and  a  daughter  Anne ;  the  latter  marrying 
Francis  Arundell  of  Stoke  Park. 

On  the  blank  lower  half  of  the  page  preced- 
ing the  Eikon,  and  on  the  title  of  the  Eikon  : — 

"Some  tyme  after  the  King  was  murtherd 
by  accident  I  was  in  ye  company  of  one  of 
Mr.  Tate's  servants  (with  my  wife  &  several 
others)  whose  master  was  one  of  those  ap- 
poynted  to  examine  the  kings  letters  I  asked 


iC6  BOOKPLATES 

him  whether  he  ever  saw  aney  of  ye  kings 
writing,  he  (old  me  that  his  master  tate  com- 
mitted several!  of  those  letters  to  his  custodie, 
and  that  those  letters  ye  Parlt.  put  forth  in 
print  were  written  with  ye  king's  own  hand,  I 
asked  him  whether  they  printed  all  they  had, 
he  said  no  they  burned  maney,  I  asked  ye 
reason,  he  said  because  they  vindicated  the 
king  from  maney  things  they  charged  upon 
him  &  that  if  those  letters  had  bin  printed  they 
would  have  bin  very  much  for  the  kings  advan- 
tage &  that  they  caused  to  be  printed  only 
those  they  thought  would  make  against  him, 
and  that  it  was  pittie  they  were  burned.  This 
my  cosin  Zouch  Tats  man  spake  at  my  sister 
Arundells  at  Stoake  in  ye  company  of  maney 
with  me  John  Crane  junior.  This  he  had  told 
me  before,  but  I  loved  to  hear  him  againe." 

"  Ex  libris  Joannis  Holleri  Brixi : 

In  Domino  confido 

Quisquis  es  inuentor  nostri 

te  quaeso  libelli 

Huic  reddas  cujusque  nomen  adesse  " 

is  the  contemporary  inscription  over  the  book- 
plate reproduced  on  another  page  : — 

"  Bibliothecae  " 
"  Novacellensis." 


INSCRIPTIONS  IN  BOOKS  167 
It  appears  in  a  copy  of  D.  Radvlphi  Ardentis 
Pictavi,  Doctoris  Theologi  per  antiqui  illustriss. 
Aquitaniae  Ducis  Gulielmi  huius  nominis  quarti, 
Concionatoris  disertiss  in  Epistolas  et  Euan- 
gelia  (et  vocant)  Sanctorum,  Homiliae,  Ecclesi- 
astis  omnibus  animarum  curam  gerentibus 
plurimum  necessariae,  et  ante  annos  prope 
quingentos  ab  Auctore  conscripts,  nunc  pri- 
mum  in  lucem  editai. 

Quibus  annecti  curauimus  eisusdem  Homilias 
in  Epistolas  et  Euangelia,  quae  in  communi 
Sanctorum  leg"i  consueuerunt.  Then  the  prin- 
ter's block  of  two  birds  in  fighting'  attitude 
between  an  upright  staff  separating  them,  with 
the  motto  :  "  Resparia  crescunt  concordia,"  and 
the  date  1560.  Below  the  printer's  block  : 
"  Antverpiae,  In  aedibus  Viduae  &  Haeredum 
Joan.     Stelfii.  M.D.LXX.  Cum  Priuilegio." 

Nova  cella,  or  Newstifft,  a  beautiful  Bava- 
rian cloister  of  the  Praemonstratensian  Order 
in  the  diocese  of  Freysing,  near  the  junction 
of  the  Moselle  and  Iser,  was,  in  the  year  1141, 
founded  by  three  brothers  :  Otho,  Bishop  of 
Freysing ;  Henry,  Margrave  of  Austria,  and 
Conrad  of  Salzburg.  They  dedicated  it  to  the 
apostles  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul.  Alas  !  in  the 
time  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War  it  was  quite 
destroyed.     On   one  blank  leaf  is  pasted  the 


[68  BOOKPLATES 

bookplate  here  given, and  <>n  another  is  written, 
"  \'.\  libris/T.  11.  Foster  In  Festi  Purificationis 
B.V.M.  88 .'  +  ".      The  book   is   in   its   original 
stamped  binding1,  with  clasps. 

Now    this    short    gossip    on    ex    libris    must 
draw  to  a  close. 

In  one  sense  —  that  of  variety  —  the  study 
of  bookplates  can  be  elaborated  in  a  never- 
ending-  course.  You  can  set  your  mind  on 
collecting,  arranging,  and  studying  the  book- 
plates of  lawyers.  Again,  you  can  limit  that, 
and  collect  only  the  bookplates  of  barristers, 
as  distinguished  from  solicitors;  you  can  limit 
your  attention  to  judges  ;  you  can  confine 
it  to  a  century,  a  country,  or  even  a  county  ; 
you  can  strive  to  put  together  all  the  Chippen- 
dale bookplates  ever  made  ;  you  can  strive  to 
collect  every  portrait-plate,  every  plate  with 
a  ship,  every  landscape-plate,  every  military 
bookplate,  or  collect  military  bookplates,  at 
the  same  time  excluding  every  aspirant  below 
a  general  !  The  varieties  are  endless  ;  it  is 
merely  a  question  of  ringing  the  changes. 
Perhaps  one  of  the  most  sensible  divisions,  in 
a  small  way,  is  that  of  collecting  the  plates  of 
the  various  members  of  certain  families. 

Memorable   words   were    spoken    in    March, 
1891,  by  John  Leighton,  P.S.A.,  the  first  chair- 


INSCRIPTIONS  IN  BOOKS        169 

man  of  the  Ex  Libris  Society:  "The  Society 
should  be  select,  and  in  no  way  connected  with 
profit,  other  than  the  pleasure  to  be  derived 
in  making-  the  past  patent  to  the  present  and 
future." 

The  present  writer  is  not  a  bookplate  col- 
lector; but  an  honoured  member  of  the  Council 
of  the  Ex  Libris  Society  has  kindly  lent  most 
of  the  numbers  of  the  Society's  Journal,  from 
the  date  of  its  foundation.  One  or  two  of 
several  years  he  had  lost,  and  very  many  of 
the  numbers  had  not,  till  now,  made  the  ac- 
quaintance of  a  paper-knife.  There  is,  I  need 
hardly  say,  much  in  the  Journal  of  interest, 
and  reflecting-  highly  on  the  ingenuity  of  Mr. 
W.  H.  K.  Wright,  fellow  of  the  Royal  His- 
torical Society. 

In  turning  over  the  numbers  of  the  Journal 
a  fond,  vain  wish  seizes  one  ;  and  it  is  this  — 
Oh  !  that  I  could  strike  out  the  trade  journal 
element,  or  relegate  it  to  certain  pages,  wholly 
apart  from  the  interesting  historical  and  anti- 
quarian portions.  Alas  !  how  could  this  be 
expected,  seeing  that  leading  members  of  the 
Society  were  professionally  busied  with  book- 
plates ?     Perhaps  this  has  all  been  remedied. 

Then,  too,  in  turning  over  numbers  one  can- 
not help   thinking  that  a  bookplate  of  simple 


i;o  BOOKPLATES 

taste  was  sadly  discouraged.  In  the  first  place, 
a  "fanciful" design  was  directly  recommended; 
and  in  the  second  place,  by  constantly  urging 
that  each  member  of  the  Society  must  sport  at 
least  one  bookplate  of  his  own,  and  must  be 
ready  to  exchange.  Thus  anyone  who  has 
joined  the  Society,  and  whose  own  library  may 
be  limited  to  Bradsham  and  the  Stock  Ex- 
change Van-  Book,  must  start  an  ex  libris,  not 
to  place  in  the  primary  proper  place  for  book- 
plates, but  to  post  to  Dick,  Tom,  and  Harry, 
similarly  placed.  Again,  unless  he  wish  to  be 
ignored,  he  must  make  every  effort  to  have  as 
grand  and  fantastic  a  plate  as  his  neighbour. 

A  volume  has  just,  on  going  to  press,  come 
into  my  hands,  which,  although  printed  as  late 
as  1850,  is  deliciously  redolent  of  old-world 
life.  The  work  is  the  Life  of  James  Davies, 
a  village  schoolmaster,  written  by  Sir  Thomas 
Phillips.  London  :  John  W.  Parker,  West 
Strand,  1850.  On  the  inner  cover,  facing  the 
half-title,  is  a  most  charming  black  silhouette 
profile  portrait  of  a  lady  of  some  ninety  years 
ago,  subscribed  "ever  your  sincere  Friend 
Sarah  Jones."  Above  is  written,  "S  Jones 
born  9tb  April  1771."  In,  of  course,  another 
hand,  is  written  at  the  foot,  "  Died  July  18th: 
1852."     The  portrait  is  of  the  wife  and  widow 


INSCRIPTIONS  IN  BOOKS         171 

of  the  Rev.  William  Jones,  as  shown  by  several 
marked  passages  of  the  book.  Her  husband 
was  in  pastoral  charge,  and  she  his  devoted 
helper,  where  James  Davies  was  the  earnest 
and  evidently  very  unpedantic  pedagogue:  "It 
was  in  the  summer  of  1815  that  James  Davies 
removed  from  Usk  to  the  Devauden,  and 
received  the  charge  of  rude,  ragged,  and 
boisterous  mountain  children,  whom  he  long 
instructed  by  precept  and  example." 

This  biography,  the  work  of  Sir  Thomas 
Phillips,  a  neighbouring  squire,  is  illustrated 
with  very  good  engravings,  and  altogether 
recalls  at  every  turn,  scenes  worthy  of  good 
George  Herbert  and  Nicholas  Ferrar. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Les  Ex  Libris  Francais,  by  A.  Poulet-Malassis.  Pari>, 
1S74. 

A  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Bookplates,  by  the  Hon. 
John  Byrne  Leicester  Warren.  J.  Pearson,  London. 
1SS0.      pp.  iii.  and  238. 

Revue  des  Ex  Libris  Alsaciens,  by  A.  Stoeber.  Mul- 
bouse,  1881 . 

Die  Deutschen  Biicherzeichen,  by  F.  Warnecke. 
Berlin,  1890.     pp.  255. 

Composite  Bookplates,  by  E.  B.  Ricketts.  London, 
1890. 

Les  Ex  Libris,  by  H.  Bouchot.     Paris,  1891.     pp.  104. 

Bibliography  of  Bookplates,  by  H.  \V.  Fincham  and 
J.  R.  Brown.      Plymouth,  1892.     pp.  24. 

Heraldic  Bookplates,  by  A.  M.  Hildebrandt.  Berlin, 
1892. 

French  Bookplates,  by  W.  Hamilton.  London,  1892. 
pp.  175.     Also  in  Bell's  Ex  Libris  Series,  1896.     pp.  360. 

English  Bookplates,  bv  Eg-erton  Castle.  London, 
1893. 

Rare  Bookplates  of  the  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth 
Centuries,  by  F.  Warnecke.      London,  1893. 

Dated  Bookplates,  by  W.  Hamilton.     London,  1894. 

The  Processes  for  the  Production  of  Bookplates,  by 
J.  Vinycomb.     London,  1894.     pp.  96. 

Ilhistriertes  handbuch  de  Ex  Libris  kunde,  by  G.  A. 
Seyler.     Berlin,  1895.     pp.  88. 

Wardour  Press  Series  of  Armorial  Plates.  London, 
1895,  etc. 

Ex  Libris  Series,  J.  W.  G.  White.  London,  1895,  etc. 
172 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  173 

American  Bookplates,  by  C.  D.  Allen.      London,  1895. 

Bookplates,  by  W.  J.  Hardy,  f.s.a.     London,  1897. 

Artists  and  Engravers  of  British  and  American  Book 
plates,  by  H.  W.  Fincham.      London,  1897. 

Bookplates  Old  and  New,  by  J.  A.  Gade.  New  York, 
1898. 

Bookplates  and  their  Value,  by  J.  H.  Slater.  London, 
1898. 

Die  Schiveizerischen  Bibliotliekzeichen,  by  L.  Gerster. 
Kappelen,  189S. 

Odd  Volumes  and  their  Bookplates,  by  W.  Hamilton. 
London,  1899. 


INDEX 


Adams,  J.  T. ,  15 
Agate,  T.,  107 
Ailleboust,  C,  8 
Ailesbury,  Marquis,  67 
Albosius,  C. ,  8 
Aldrich,  T.  B.,  151 
Alleine,  R.,  96 
Amman,  J.,  19,  20 
Antonie,  W.  L.,  94 
Architecture,   Royal  Insti- 
tute of,  116 
Arundell,  F.,  165 


Bacchus,  J.,  158 
Bacon,  Sir  W.,  23 
Bandinel,  B. ,  109 
Bartolozzi,  F. ,  5 
Barwick,  G.  F.,  44,  53,  56, 

57,  58,  106 
Bastille,  The,  40 
Bates,  H.  C,  153 
Bateman,  T. ,  89 
Bateman,  W.,  89 
Baumgartner,  H.,  17 
Baxter,  Anacreon,  47,  ill 
Baxter,  T.  P.,  152 
Beall,  W.,  107 
Bardsley,  A.,  72 
Beaufort,  Duke  of,  90 
Beavan,  65 
Beckwith,  T.,  50 


Beer,  F.  T.,  115 

Beesly,  A.  H.,  66 

Beham,  H.  S.,  17 

Beham,  B.,  17 

Bell,  T.,  93 

Bell,  G. ,  and  Sons,  28 

Benedict,  St.,  11 

Bennett,  W.  J.  G.,  66 

Berry,  G.,  159 

Berryer,  P.  A.,  42 

Bewick,  3 

Bewick,  Messrs.,  100 

Bielke,  T.,  26 

Bierstadt,  E.  H.,  151 

Bigot,  J.,  27 

Bigot,  L.  E.,  27 

Binning,  W.,  160 

Bliss,  P.,  109 

Bouchart,  A.,  26 

Boycott,  R.,  47 

Boycott,  S.,  48 

Bradshaw,  T.,  118 

Bradstreet,  A.,  127 

Brandenburg,  H.,  12 

Bridges,  Mary  A.,  71 

Briot,  J.,  28 

Brook,  105 

Brown  of  Waterhaughs,  47, 

ill 
Boulais  de  Nanteuil,  A.  F.  A., 

39 
Buhner,  W.,  and  Co.,  99 


175 


i;6 


BOOKPLATES 


Bull,  M.,  [53 
Bunsen,  Baron,  56 
Burgkmaier,  II.,  22 
Burgoyne,  Sir  J.,  23 

Bums,  R.,  66 
Busse,  W.  L. ,  75 

Campbell,  A.,  101 
Campbell  of  Shawfield,  101 

Cardale,  G.,  114 

Carlander,  Herr,  26 

Carruthers,  W.,  59 

Castle,  E.,  10 

Chambers,  C,  156 

Chambers,  M.,  157 

Chambers,  W.,  157 

Champion,  67 

Chester,  C. ,  1 14 

Chichester  Cathedral,  106 

Cholmondeley,    II.,    Vis- 
count, 45 

Christoff,  T.,  53 

Clark,  A.,  159 

Clark,  R.,  117 

Cleveland,  S.,  150 

Coates,  E.  F. ,  45 ,  46-5 1 ,  So, 
87,  101,  no,  118,  119 

Collet,  ].,  156 

Collett,  R.  W.  D.,  48 

Collins,  D. ,  42 

Colquhoun,  P.,  64 

Compton,  C. ,  82,  83 

Conduit,  J.,  90 

Constable,  T-,  86 

Constable,  W.,  86 

Convers,  P.  A.,  38 

Coster,  D.  de,  33 

Coster,  P.  de.  33 

Corunna,  159 

Crane,  J.,  164 


Crane,  W. ,  152 
Cranach,  L. ,  20,  21 
distance,  O. ,  72 
Custos,  K.,  33 

Dale,  T.  A.,  1 14 
Davies,  J.,  170 

Deedes,  Prebendary,  93,  106 
Denholme,  J.  S.,  51 
Dering,  T. ,  144 
Dickens,  C.,   124 
Dubbs,  J.  II.,  151 
Dudley,  A.,  127 
Ditrer,  A.,  14,  15,  16,  131 

Edwards,  J.,  128 
Eikoii  Basi/ike,  165 
Eliot,  J.,  126 
Elizabeth,  Queen,  24 
Eschentach,  H.  E.  von,  16 
Eustace,  J.,  71 
Ex  Libris  Society,  169 

Farquhar,  W. ,  65 

Farrington,  153 
Faulkner,  E..   146 
Feilden,  H.  St.  C  ,  65 
Fen  wick,   1 17 
Fischart,  J.,  20 
Fiott,  J.,  94-97 
Forbes,  C,  87 
Fothergill,  1 15 
Foster,  T.  H.,  168 
Franklin,  B.,  129 
Frederick,  Sir  J.,  Bart..  58 
Fraser  of  Ledeclune,  97 

Gardner,  F. ,  23 
Goldie,  C,  69 


INDEX 


177 


Gordon,  C,  98 
Gordon  of  Buthlaw,  76 
Georges,  R. ,  172 
Grey,  T.  P.,  Earl  de,  57 
Griggs,  27 
Grolier  Club,  153 
Gualther,  L.,  26 
Guildford,  Earl  of,  78 
Gumey,  H.,  102 
Guthry,  H.,  77 
Gutman,  O.  G.  von,  28 


Igler,  H.,  13 
Imhof,  A.,  18 
Irving,  W. ,  134 

Jarvis,  S.  F.,  146 
Jeffries,  J.,  146 
Joher,  C.  G.,  56 
Jones,  W. ,  171 
Tourdan,  Marshal,  40 
Jund,  L.  M.,  iS 
Jungen,  J.  H.  zum,  25 


Haines,  M.,  20,  13S 
Hamerton,  W.,  117 
Hamilton,  H.,  27 
Hamilton,  W. ,  38,  41 
Hampson  (Family),  50 
Hapgood,  M.  H.,  151 
Hauer,  H.,  30 
Hardy,  W.  J.,  9 
Harper,  W.,  159 
Hart,  G.  E.,  152 
Hart,  Sir  P.,  163 
Hart,  W.,  163 
Harvey,  T.  E. ,  69 
Hastings  (Family),  103 
Hearn,  E.  N.,  141 
Heathcote,  G.  P.,  119 
Holbein,  H.,  21,  22 
Holgate,  W.,  113 
Holler,  J.,  166 
Holmes,  O.  W. ,  147 
Howard,  H.,  60 
Holzschuher,  V.,  19 
Huet,  P.  D.,  35 
Huntington,  W.  R.,  152 
Hurd,  N.,  143 
Hutt,  L.,  148 

N 


Knight,  J.,  113 

Knox,  B.  W.,  66 

Kolrirger,  A.,  14 

Kraus,  J.  O. ,  54 

Krep  von  Krepenstein,  33 

Kriiger,  D.,  34 

Langhorne,  J.  B.,  m 
Langton,  T. ,  94 
Leach,  A.,  158 
Lebegue,  L.,  73 
Lee,  T.,  153 
Lee,  Sir  W. ,  94 
Leighton,  J.,  168 
Leiningen-Westerburg, 

Count,  7,  12 
Lemond,  W.,  46 
Lerchenfeld-Prennberg, 

von,  35 
Lethbridge,  Sir  W.,  68 
Lilburn,  C. ,  49 
Littleton,  Edward,  Lord,  31, 

32,  33 
Lizars,  D.,  47 
Loch,  J.,  46 
Lomax,  R.  T. ,  70 
Longfellow,  H.  W.,  136 


178 


BOOKPLATES 


Longmate,  B.,  6a 
Lubbock,  Sii  J.  W.,  58 

Macdonald,  Flora,  140 
Macintosh,  C.  C.,  87 
Mackenzie,  J.  \\\,  49 
Mahon,  Lord,  22 
Maitland,  T.,  48 
Maiden,  P.  de,  41 
Manwood,  Sir  R.,  163 
Margetson,  E.  J.,  70 
Margetson,  W.  II.,  70 
Maridat,  P.,  39 
Marshall,  F.  A.,  65 
Marshall,  \V.,  31,  33 
Martin,  C,  41 
Martin,  W. ,  99 
Mayne,  R.  D. ,  113 
Menage,  G.,  36 
Mercator,  N.,  45 
Methold,  T.  T.,  119 
Monnier,  L.,  38 
Montrose,  Marquis,  49 
More,  Sir  T. ,  22 
Moore,  Sir  J.,  159 
Moore,  S. ,  84 
Morrell,  W.,  122 
Morton,  E.,  72 
Mors  sola  resolvit,  50 
Motley,  J.  L.,  136 
Muntzinger,  R. ,  13 

Napier,  Sir  W. ,  22 
Naseby,  164 
Neele,  S.  J.,  92 
New,  E.  H.,  72 
Newcome,  Rev.  T. ,  105 
Newstift,  167 
Nicol,  J. ,  99 


North,  F.,  78 
Northampton,  Earl  of,  160 
Novacella,  16 
Northampton,    Marquis    of, 

82,  83 
Nuremberg,  14 

Ochs,  ].  S. ,  54 
Opel,  P.,  26 

(  hrmerod,  <'■.,  88 
Ouseley,  Sir  G.,  116 

Palmer,  85 
Parker,  J.  W.,  170 

Pearce,  E.,  85 
Peel,  Sir  R.,  112 
Percival,  S.,  77 
Petan,  A.,  28 
Pfinzing,  M.,  17 
Phillips,  Sir  T.,  170 
Phipps,  E.,  114 
Pirckheimer,  15 
Pitt,  W.,  47 
Plummer,  T.  W.,  6S 
Plumptre,  R.,  no 
Poison  for  the  Scotch,  no 
Pomer,  S.  H.,  15,  171 
Pott,  H.  K.,  118 
Prescott,  W.  H.,  131 
Prince,  T. ,  143 
Procter,  R.,  18 

Quincy,  J.,  145 

Raine,  R..  93 
Raleigh,  Sir  W.,  121 
Raynard,  T. ,  34 
Rebello,  W.  A.,  46 
Keyger,  A.  von,  30 


INDEX 


179 


Reynolds,  Sir  J.,  4 
Rhodes,  J.,  119 
Riston,  42 
Roberts,  C,  119 
Robinson,  H.  C,  112 
Roper,  Margaret,  22 
Rosenberg,  54 
Royal  Society,  161 
Rupert,  Prince,  4 
Ryland,  W.,  5 


Sadeler,  E. ,  31 
Sadeler,  J.,  31 
Sadeler,  R.,  30 
Sandy,  G.,  121 
Sarrau,  C. ,  28 
Sarrau,  I.,  28 
Sattler,  J.,  74,  75 
Sharp,  W. ,  62 
Sibmaker,  J.,  29 
Sieger,  E.,  4 
Simpson,  J.  W.,  71 
Smith,  J.,  121 
Solis,  V.,  18 
Solly,  E.,  159 
Sophia,  Princess,  109 
Soul  of  Soldiery,  149,  150 
Spence,  R  ,  160 
Spengler,  L.,  115 
Spiring,  L.,  34 
Stansfeld,  J.,  46 
Stab,  J.,  15 
Stewart,  Sir  J.  D.,  116 
Stewart,  Sir  J.  S.,  112 
Stretton,  S.,  m 
Stretton,  W.,  in 
Suffolk,  Earl  of,  108 
Surtees,  R.,  92 
Sussex,  Duke  of,  98 


Tate,  Z.,  165 
Tatham,  F.  D.  F.,  59 
Tatham,  T.  J.,  59,  1 12 
Thackeray,  W.  M.,  148 
Thomas,  J.,  44 
Thomas,  M.,  85 
Thomas,  T.  J.  F. ,  56 
Thompson,  N.  E.,  71 
Throckmorton,  F.,  24 
Throckmorton,    Sir   R. ,   24, 

51 
Ticknor,  G.,  133 
Tite  Donation,  116 
Trenchard,  E.,  148 
Tresham,  Sir  T. ,  24 
Trotter,  E.,  64 
Troschet,  H.,  30 
Triibner,  N.,  131 
Tschert,  J.,  15 
Twopeny,  W.,  109 

Vaughan,  F.,  50 
Vaisey,  J.  S.,  66 
Voigt,  P.,  74,  75 
Volckamer,  G.  C,  34 

Walpole,  S.,  78 
Wappenbiichlein,  29 
Warnecke,  Herr,  6,  33 
Warren,  J.,  1 12 
Washington,  G.,  142 
Waterlow,  E.  E.,  11 
Watson,  T.,  63 
Watson,  J.  B. ,  64 
Wray,  C.  D.,  115 
Weale,  W.  H.  J.,  n 
Wellington,  Duke  of,  13S 
Wenzel,  C,  39 
West,  J.  W.,'71 


i  So 


BOOKPLATES 


Weyer,  W.  C,  71 
Wheatley,  II.  B.,  90 
Wiesenhutten,  B.,  53 
Wilberforce,  S.,  So 
Wilberforce,  W.,  So 
Wild,  Colonel,  158 
Williams,  J.,  142 
Williams,  K.,  122 
Willmer,  W.,  27 
Winchester  Cathedral,  105 
Winthrop,  J.,  125 
Wittenberg  University,  21 
Wohlgemuth,  M.,  13,  14 


Wolphins,  13 

\,  Cardinal,  17 
Wood,  M.,  107,  123 

W 1,  W.,  123 

Woo  Iroffe,  I'.,  70 
Wrest  Park,  57 
Wright,  W.  II    K.,  169 
Wuss,  F.  S.,  55 
Wynfield,  113 

Zahn,  B.  G.,  55 

Zell,  W.  von,  12 
Zeyll,  J.  B.(  26 


V 


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